Nokea
All of the following are true about erysipelas EXCEPT
- A. facial and scalp manifestations occur in infants and the elderly
- B. it progresses to skin desquamation
- C. bacteremia common in the lower extremity manifestations
- D. fever
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erysipelas face, scalp, peeling, fever, sharp edge fit; bacteremia's rare, not common. Nurses mark this chronic skin truth.
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Which of the following statements is incorrect in describing the ADEC categorisation of drugs for Pregnancy?
- A. They are based on animal reproductive toxicology
- B. They are based on evidence available at the time of introduction of the drug
- C. The categorisations are revised as new evidence become available
- D. They are based on prospective studies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ADEC's pregnancy drug tags lean on animal data, initial evidence, and updates not prospective human studies, a gap. Animal tox sets baselines, launch data locks in, new proof shifts prospective's too slow. Pharmacists read this, a chronic caution grid.
Cardiac catheterisation (angiography) is performed to assess blood flow through the coronary arteries through use of a contrast agent and radiographic imaging. The nursing responsibilities in caring for the patient post angiography do not include:
- A. Applying pressure and observing the insertion site for bleeding or haematoma formation
- B. Informing the patient of the findings of the angiogram to allay fear and provide reassurance
- C. Monitor for arrhythmias by both cardiac monitoring and assessing apical or peripheral pulses
- D. Encourage fluids to increase urinary output and flush out the dye
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-angio, nurses press sites, watch rhythms, flush dye hands-on musts. Telling results? Docs' turf nurses soothe, don't spill, a chronic care line.
A study by Epstein & Sowers found that hypertension was X times as prevalent in patients with diabetes compared to the general population. What is X?
- A. Two
- B. Three
- C. Four
- D. Five
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes doubles hypertension's odds Epstein & Sowers peg it at two times higher, as insulin resistance and vascular stiffness team up, amplifying prevalence over the general crowd. Three, four, five, or six inflate the risk beyond data, skewing the synergy. This duo's frequent dance tied to shared pathways like RAAS pushes clinicians to screen harder, tackling both to cut cardiovascular and renal doom, a chronic combo grounded in solid stats.
An older adult patient who has colorectal cancer is receiving IV fluids at 175 mL/hr in conjunction with the prescribed chemotherapy. Which finding by the nurse is most important to report to the health care provider?
- A. Patient complains of severe fatigue.
- B. Patient voids every hour during the day.
- C. Patient takes only 50% of meals and refuses snacks.
- D. Patient has crackles up to the midline posterior chest.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High-rate fluids (175 mL/hr) plus chemo in an older colorectal patient can swamp the heart crackles to midline yell heart failure, trumping fatigue , peeing , or poor eating . Nurses in oncology flag this lungs drowning need stat help, a fluid overload crisis.
A 56-year-old patient comes to the walk-in clinic for scant rectal bleeding and intermittent diarrhea and constipation for the past several months. There is a history of polyps and a family history for colorectal cancer. While you are trying to teach about colonoscopy, the patient becomes angry and threatens to leave. What is the priority diagnosis?
- A. Diarrhea/Constipation related to altered bowel patterns
- B. Knowledge Deficit related to disease process and diagnostic procedure
- C. Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit related to rectal bleeding and diarrhea
- D. Anxiety related to unknown outcomes and perceived threat to body integrity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's anger and threat to leave during colonoscopy teaching signal emotional distress overriding physical symptoms. Anxiety stemming from uncertain outcomes and perceived bodily threat fits, as colorectal cancer risk tied to polyps and family history heightens fear, blocking education uptake. Diarrhea/constipation reflects symptoms but isn't immediately urgent with scant bleeding. Knowledge deficit exists but is secondary fear drives the refusal, not just ignorance. Fluid volume risk is plausible with bleeding, yet no data suggests acute loss; stability allows focus on emotions. Addressing anxiety first calms the patient, enabling teaching and care, a priority in this tense encounter where psychological barriers could delay critical colorectal screening and intervention.