Nokea
The Pulmonary rehabilitation program consists of several specific components. Which of the following are not a part of the program?
- A. Education and self-management
- B. Exercise training
- C. Coping measures to relieve anxiety, depression and changes in behaviour
- D. Spirometry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary rehab builds COPD strength education, exercise, coping tools for mind and mood, all in. Spirometry's a test, not therapy diagnoses, doesn't train. Nurses skip it here, a chronic fix's focus.
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For a patient who is receiving chemotherapy, which laboratory result is of particular importance?
- A. WBC
- B. PT and PTT
- C. Electrolytes
- D. BUN
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemotherapy suppresses bone marrow, slashing white blood cell counts especially neutrophils heightening infection risk, making WBC monitoring paramount. Low counts trigger protective measures or treatment holds, directly tied to therapy's myelosuppressive core. PT and PTT track clotting, relevant for bleeding but less immediate. Electrolytes matter for overall status, but imbalances aren't chemotherapy's primary threat. BUN reflects kidney function, indirectly affected by some drugs, not the frontline concern. WBC's critical drop demands swift action fevers in neutropenia are emergencies underscoring its priority in safeguarding patients through treatment's immune-compromising phases.
Autonomic neuropathies affecting people with chronic diabetes affect many body systems. Which of the following is not a clinical manifestation of this problem?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Mental confusion
- C. Urinary retention
- D. Anhidrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes' nerve mess fast heart, pee stalls, no sweat autonomic signs. Confusion's brain sugar or stroke, not this. Nurses clock these, a chronic nerve quirk.
An oncology patient will begin a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the treatment of bone metastases. What is one means by which malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another?
- A. Adhering to primary tumor cells
- B. Inducing mutation of cells of another organ
- C. Phag projecting healthy cells
- D. Invading healthy host tissues
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bone mets mean cancer's invaded malignant cells burrow into nearby tissues, breaking barriers to spread, a hallmark of metastasis. They don't just stick to the primary (adhesion's weak), mutate distant cells (that's not how it rolls), or eat healthy ones (phagocytosis is immune, not cancer). Invasion's the ticket cells chew through matrix, hit lymph or blood, and land in bones. Nurses in oncology spotlight this, tying it to why radiation's aimed at those hotspots, slowing the creep.
The following strategies can be used to help patients overcome the barriers and challenges faced in insulin therapy EXCEPT:
- A. Threaten patient into adherence with insulin therapy
- B. Engage the patient in shared decision-making, select an insulin regimen that they can adhere to
- C. Provide close supervision and follow up when the patient is newly initiated on insulin therapy
- D. Offer measures to reduce weight gain through lifestyle and dietary advice, concomitant use of insulin with metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1RA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Effective insulin therapy strategies include shared decision-making, close supervision at initiation, and weight gain mitigation via lifestyle and adjunctive drugs like metformin all fostering adherence and success. Threatening patients, however, is counterproductive, increasing resistance, anxiety, and non-compliance, contrary to patient-centered care principles. It undermines trust, critical in chronic disease management, where collaboration and support drive outcomes. Physicians must avoid coercive tactics, focusing instead on empowerment and tailored solutions to overcome insulin therapy barriers.
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which of the following is considered a risk factor for the development of this disorder?
- A. Diet high in vitamin K
- B. Low HDL-C/High LDL-C
- C. High HDL-C/Low LDL-C
- D. Vegan diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atherosclerosis loves lipids low HDL (good cholesterol) and high LDL (bad cholesterol) pile plaque, a prime risk factor driving vessel narrowing. Vitamin K aids clotting, not plaque. High HDL/low LDL protects. Vegan diets cut fats, lowering risk. Nurses flag lipid imbalance, pushing statins or diet shifts, a cholesterol-fueled root of this vascular scourge.