All of the following statements about efficacy and potency are true EXCEPT:
- A. Efficacy is usually a more important clinical consideration than potency
- B. Efficacy is the maximum effect of a drug
- C. Potency is a comparative measure, refers to the different doses of two drugs that are needed to produce the same effect
- D. The ED50 is a measure of drug's efficacy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ED50 measures potency (dose for 50% effect), not efficacy (maximal effect).
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What does the provider understand about the issue of 'Diabetic Renal Protection' with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) medications? Diabetes mellitus patients:
- A. Have a reduced rate of renal progression, but still need to be discontinued when advanced renal issues present
- B. Who start these medications never progress to renal nephropathy
- C. With early renal dysfunction will see it reverse when on ACE medications
- D. Without renal issues are the only ones who benefit from ACE protection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE inhibitors slow renal progression in diabetes but are stopped in advanced renal failure.
Which of the following is an adverse event of glucocorticoids:
- A. Arterial hypotension
- B. Hyponatremia
- C. Hypoglicemia
- D. Facilitate the development of infections
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucocorticoids suppress immunity, increasing infection risk due to reduced inflammatory and immune responses.
Which of the following is an adverse event of glucocorticoids:
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypo acid gastritis
- C. Diabetes insipidus
- D. Dehidratation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a common adverse effect of glucocorticoids due to bone catabolism.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Valproic Acid. The nurse should instruct the client that while taking this medication he will need to have which of the following laboratory tests completed periodically?
- A. Thrombocyte count
- B. Hematocrit
- C. Amylase
- D. Kidney function tests
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valproic acid requires monitoring of platelets for bleeding risk and liver function for hepatotoxicity.
Which of the following statements about NSAIDs is false?
- A. NSAIDs are not recommended during pregnancy
- B. NSAIDs increase renal blood flow
- C. NSAIDs reduce the therapeutic effect of SSRIs
- D. NSAIDs have a hypocoagulability effect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NSAIDs decrease renal blood flow by inhibiting prostaglandins, making this statement false.