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Which of the following names may be assigned to a drug during the process of development? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Chemical name
- B. Official name
- C. Pharmacologic name
- D. Trade name
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Throughout the process of development, drugs may have several names assigned to them including a chemical name, a generic (nonproprietary) name, an official name, and a trade or brand name.
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Which of the following medications is classified as a Class IA antiarrhythmic?
- A. Amiodarone
- B. Quinidine
- C. Sotalol
- D. Diltiazem
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quinidine is a Class IA antiarrhythmic, blocking sodium channels and prolonging the action potential.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about drug development in the United States in preparation for an exam. The students demonstrate understanding of this material when they identify testing of which of the following as one of the first steps?
- A. Small group of healthy volunteers
- B. People who have the disease
- C. Live animals
- D. Large numbers of patients
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Initially, drug testing begins with testing in an artificial environment such as a test tube, and then this testing is followed by testing on live animals. Next, clinical testing occurs with each phase involving a larger number of people. First, a small group of 20 to 100 healthy volunteers are tested; then testing is performed on people who have the disease or condition. Last, the drug is given to large numbers of patients in medical research centers.
Chlorpromazine can block following receptors EXCEPT:
- A. Dopamine
- B. Beta adrenergic
- C. Alpha adrenergic
- D. Muscarinic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chlorpromazine, a typical antipsychotic, blocks dopamine, alpha-adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors but has minimal effect on beta-adrenergic receptors, which are not its primary target.
The elderly are at high risk of ADRs due to:
- A. Having greater muscle mass than younger adults, leading to higher volume of distribution
- B. The extensive studies that have been conducted on drug safety in this age group
- C. The blood-brain barrier being less permeable, requiring higher doses to achieve therapeutic effect
- D. Age-related decrease in renal function
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age-related renal decline slows drug clearance, raising ADR risk in the elderly, unlike muscle mass , studies , or BBB .
A patient's liquid cough medicine has been discontinued with one half of the bottle remaining. The home health nurse is aware that according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines on prescription medication disposal, the next step should be to:
- A. save the remainder for another patient with the same prescription.
- B. flush the remainder down the toilet.
- C. read the drug label for specific disposal instructions.
- D. pour remaining medication into a hazardous waste container.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must follow specific disposal instructions on the drug label or in the patient information leaflet that accompanies the medication. Prescription medications should not be shared among patients. Prescription drugs should not be flushed down the toilet unless specifically instructed to do so by the manufacturer. The first action to be taken is to follow disposal instructions on the label. If the drug label indicates it should be emptied into a hazardous waste container, measures should be taken to prevent leaking and/or accidental ingestion.