Along with gas exchange and nutrient transfer, the placenta produces many hormones necessary for normal pregnancy, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Insulin
- B. Estrogen
- C. Progesterone
- D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - Estrogen: The placenta secretes estrogen during pregnancy, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the pregnancy and preparing the body for childbirth. Estrogen helps regulate the menstrual cycle, supports fetal development, and stimulates the growth of the uterus and breasts.
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When should a woman start having pap smears?
- A. None
- B. At age 21.
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Guidelines recommend starting pap smears at age 21.
Reva Rubin identified several maternal tasks the pregnant person undertakes during pregnancy. What actions by the pregnant person are included in these tasks? Select 4 that apply.
- A. develops attachment to the fetus
- B. schedules a childbirth class
- C. encourages the partner’s attachment to the fetus
- D. acknowledges the fetus as a separate person
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maternal tasks include developing attachment, acknowledging the fetus, and placing the fetus's needs above their own.
The nurse is counseling a female patient diagnosed with anovulation as a cause of infertility. Which information does the nurse provide to the patient? Select all that apply.
- A. Methods for dietary planning
- B. Consultation for myomectomy
- C. Refrain from unprotected sex
- D. Surgical correction of fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Methods for dietary planning and clomiphene citrate instructions are crucial for managing anovulation. The other options are unrelated or less effective for this condition.
The placenta allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus by:
- A. Contact between maternal blood and fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi.
- B. Interaction of maternal and fetal pH levels within the endometrial vessels.
- C. A mixture of maternal and fetal blood within the intervillous spaces.
- D. Passive diffusion of maternal carbon dioxide and oxygen into the fetal capillaries.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi are bathed with oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich maternal blood within the intervillous spaces.
A man's wife is pregnant for the third time. One child was born with cystic fibrosis, and the other child is healthy. The man wonders what the chance is that this child will have cystic fibrosis. This type of testing is known as:
- A. Occurrence risk.
- B. Recurrence risk.
- C. Predictive testing.
- D. Predisposition testing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The couple already has a child with a genetic disease so they will be given a recurrence risk test.