Nokea
An exophthalmic goiter is a symptom of ______.
- A. Graves disease.
- B. Hashimoto's disease.
- C. myxedema.
- D. acromegaly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Exophthalmic goiter refers to bulging eyes and enlarged thyroid gland.
2. Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism, resulting in both symptoms.
3. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hypothyroidism, not associated with exophthalmic goiter.
4. Myxedema is severe hypothyroidism but does not typically present with exophthalmic goiter.
5. Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone, leading to enlarged hands and feet, not related to exophthalmic goiter.
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Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.
- A. adrenal medulla
- B. pancreas
- C. thyroid gland
- D. thymus gland
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: thymus gland. The thymus gland is crucial for the development and maturation of T cells, a type of immune cell. The hormones produced by the thymus gland, such as thymosin, play a key role in the proper functioning of the immune system. Without a functional thymus gland, the immune response would be compromised.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Adrenal medulla does not play a direct role in immune response development.
B: Pancreas primarily produces hormones related to blood sugar regulation, not immune response.
C: Thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, not directly related to immune response development.
Cells that respond to a particular hormone are called
- A. receptor cells.
- B. sensor cells.
- C. secretory cells.
- D. target cells.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: target cells. Target cells are specific cells that have receptors for a particular hormone, allowing them to respond to the hormone's signal. These cells are the intended recipients of the hormone's message and carry out the appropriate physiological response. Receptor cells (A) are more general and can refer to any cell with receptors, not necessarily for hormones. Sensor cells (B) detect stimuli but may not necessarily respond to hormones. Secretory cells (C) release hormones rather than respond to them.
Which circuit symbol represents a heater?
- A. A
- B. B
- C. C
- D. D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. In circuit symbols, a heater is typically represented by a zigzag line enclosed in a rectangle. This symbol signifies the generation of heat through resistance. Option A does not resemble a heater symbol, Option B is a resistor symbol, and Option C is a light bulb symbol. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately represents a heater in circuit diagrams.
In the pancreas, which are the cells that secrete insulin, decrease the blood levels of glucose.
- A. delta.
- B. alpha.
- C. beta.
- D. beta.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: beta cells. Beta cells in the pancreas secrete insulin, which helps decrease blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production. Delta cells (choice A) secrete somatostatin, which inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion. Alpha cells (choice B) secrete glucagon, which increases blood glucose levels. Choice D is a duplicate of choice C. Therefore, the correct answer is C as beta cells play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels through insulin secretion.
Which class of oral glucose-lowering agents is most commonly used for people with type 2 diabetes because it reduces hepatic glucose production and enhances tissue uptake of glucose?
- A. Insulin
- B. Meglitinide
- C. Biguanide
- D. Sulfonylurea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Biguanides, like metformin, are commonly used because they reduce glucose production in the liver and enhance tissue glucose uptake.