Nokea
An HIV encoded protein that if targeted therapeutically could result in the blocking of binding of HIV to T lymphocytes is
- A. Reverse transcriptase (RT)
- B. Viral proteases
- C. gp41
- D. Matrix protein
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: It seems like there might be a mistake with the question as the correct answer is not provided. If you could provide the correct answer, I would be happy to provide a detailed explanation for it.
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Which of the following is NOT a property of CD8+ T cells?
- A. They typically differentiate into cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
- B. They always recognize peptide antigen in association with an MHC molecule
- C. They are important in defense against intracellular pathogens
- D. They are the cell responsible for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because CD8+ T cells are not responsible for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A is correct as CD8+ T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells. B is correct as CD8+ T cells recognize peptide antigens with MHC molecules. C is correct as CD8+ T cells are vital in defense against intracellular pathogens. D is incorrect as CD8+ T cells do not mediate cell cytotoxicity through antibodies.
What lineage do natural killer (NK) cells belong to?
- A. Myeloid lineage
- B. Erythroid lineage
- C. Lymphoid lineage
- D. Granulocyte lineage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lymphoid lineage. NK cells are a type of lymphocyte that is part of the innate immune system. They are derived from common lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow. NK cells play a crucial role in recognizing and killing infected or abnormal cells. Myeloid lineage (A) gives rise to cells like macrophages and granulocytes, not NK cells. Erythroid lineage (B) produces red blood cells, and granulocyte lineage (D) gives rise to neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, not NK cells. Therefore, the correct choice is C as NK cells originate from the lymphoid lineage.
During the course of an immune response to a given antigen, affinity maturation results in survival of:
- A. B cells whose secretion of antibody occurs at a higher rate
- B. B cells whose antibodies bind the antigen more strongly
- C. T cells whose TCRs bind the antigen more strongly
- D. Both B and C are correct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Affinity maturation is the process where B cells produce antibodies with increased affinity for the antigen over time.
2. B cells whose antibodies bind the antigen more strongly have higher affinity.
3. Survival of B cells with higher affinity antibodies is crucial for effective immune response.
4. A is incorrect as rate of antibody secretion doesn't necessarily correlate with affinity.
5. C is incorrect as T cells are not directly involved in affinity maturation of antibodies.
6. D is incorrect since T cells are not affected by affinity maturation in the context of this question.
A client with AIDS is experiencing bouts of diarrhea,anorexia,nausea and vomiting. Cryptosporidiosis is diagnosed and the nurse goes to hang the first antibiotic. Which type of macrolide antibiotic is the nurse going to hang?
- A. Humatin
- B. Azithromycin
- C. Penicillin
- D. Ancef
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic commonly used to treat cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients.
What is not true about Salmonella thyphimurium?
- A. It is the causal agent of "hamburger disease"
- B. It is the second most common cause of food poisoning
- C. It is able to induce its own uptake by manipulating the actin cytoskeleton of host cells
- D. It is able to survive inside the phagosomes by manipulating the host actin cytoskeleton
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: It is the causal agent of "hamburger disease." Salmonella typhimurium is not the causal agent of "hamburger disease." Instead, Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the primary causal agent of this particular foodborne illness. Salmonella typhimurium is commonly associated with causing salmonellosis. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choices B, C, and D are all true statements about Salmonella typhimurium. It is the second most common cause of food poisoning, it is able to induce its own uptake by manipulating the actin cytoskeleton of host cells, and it is able to survive inside the phagosomes by manipulating the host actin cytoskeleton.