Nokea
Priority Decision: While caring for a patient who is at the nadir of chemotherapy, the nurse establishes the highest priority for nursing actions related to
- A. diarrhea
- B. grieving
- C. risk for infection
- D. inadequate nutritional intake
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At the nadir, the patient's white blood cell count is lowest, increasing the risk for infection, making it the highest priority.
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A small molecule that combines with a specific allosteric protein so that both prevent RNA polymerase activity is called a(n):
- A. inducer
- B. repressor
- C. corepressor
- D. leader
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: corepressor. A corepressor is a small molecule that binds to an allosteric protein to inhibit its activity. In this case, the corepressor prevents RNA polymerase activity. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Inducer activates gene expression.
B: Repressor inhibits gene expression by binding to DNA.
D: Leader is not a term related to allosteric regulation.
A patient is scheduled to have a tunneled catheter placed for administration of chemotherapy for breast cancer. When preparing the patient for the catheter insertion, what does the nurse explain about this method of chemotherapy administration?
- A. Decreases the risk for extravasation at the infusion site
- B. Reduces the incidence of systemic side effects of the drug
- C. Does not become occluded as peripherally inserted catheters can
- D. Allows continuous infusion of the drug directly to the area of the tumor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tunneled catheters reduce extravasation risks compared to peripheral lines by delivering medications centrally.
Indicate the incorrect statement. Chronic granulomatous disease is
- A. Caused by defective recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection
- B. Associated with defective respiratory burst of neutrophils
- C. Caused by mutations of the NADPH oxidase genes
- D. Associated with recurrent bacterial infections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by mutations of the NADPH oxidase genes, leading to defective respiratory burst in neutrophils. Neutrophils are recruited to sites of infection normally in CGD. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because CGD is indeed associated with defective respiratory burst of neutrophils due to mutations in NADPH oxidase genes, leading to recurrent bacterial infections.
What is the medical term for an abnormal increase in white blood cells?
- A. Leukocytosis
- B. Thrombocytosis
- C. Anemia
- D. Hemolysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Leukocytosis. Leukocytosis refers to an abnormal increase in white blood cells, indicating an immune response. Thrombocytosis (B) is an increase in platelets, not white blood cells. Anemia (C) is a decrease in red blood cells. Hemolysis (D) is the breakdown of red blood cells, not related to an increase in white blood cells. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it specifically relates to an abnormal increase in white blood cells.
Which of the following statements about the functions of Ig is NOT correct
- A. IgM are the best at activating complement
- B. IgM bound to antigens are also the best at facilitating phagocytosis through the Fc receptor
- C. Antibodies can neutralize bacterial toxins
- D. Antibodies can inhibit binding of toxins to their receptors on host cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because IgG, not IgM, is the best at facilitating phagocytosis through the Fc receptor. IgM is the best at activating complement (A), antibodies can neutralize bacterial toxins (C), and antibodies can inhibit binding of toxins to their receptors on host cells (D). IgM primarily activates complement, while IgG is more efficient at facilitating phagocytosis through the Fc receptor. This distinction is crucial in understanding the functions of different immunoglobulins.