Nokea
An instructor is teaching a group of students about the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI's) and those that must be reported by law. The instructor determines that the students have understood the information when they state that which STI must be reported?
- A. Genital herpes
- B. Hepatitis B
- C. Syphilis
- D. Condylomata acuminata
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The law mandates reporting of syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, chancroid, and HIV/Aids, hepatitis B, and Zika virus. Genital herpes, venereal warts (condylomata acuminata), granuloma inguinale, and lymphogranuloma venereum are not reportable by law.
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The nurse is completing a community education via a pamphlet on sexually transmitted diseases. Which key point is most important for the nurse to emphasize?
- A. Common age-groups for clients with sexually transmitted diseases are in their late teens and 20s.
- B. Many people are asymptomatic and show no symptoms contributing to the spread of the disease.
- C. Some sexually transmitted diseases can cause infertility caused by scarring of reproductive organs.
- D. Some sexually transmitted diseases can be transmitted to newborns through the birth canal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is most correct to emphasize information regarding prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The information that many people are asymptomatic and show no symptoms is an important point to stress. Common age-groups are an interesting fact. Repercussions of the disease are also important to highlight; however, prevention is most important.
A client requesting a chlamydia test asks why it is necessary to receive a test for gonorrhea and syphilis at the same time. Which response from the nurse is the correct explanation?
- A. The symptoms of these diseases are the same, and culture tests alone can determine the disease that has infected the client.
- B. The infecting bacterium in all cases is the same, and therefore, clients have concurrent infections.
- C. The infections spread through the same medium, and therefore, clients have concurrent infections.
- D. It is not unusual for clients to have concurrent infections with more than one sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is common practice to test clients for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV because it is not unusual for clients to have concurrent infections with more than one STI. For chlamydia, the causative microorganism is a bacterium named Chlamydia trachomatis. For gonorrhea, the infection is caused by a bacterium named Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The spirochete Treponema pallidum is the causative microorganism of syphilis. The symptoms of these conditions are not identical. The causative microorganisms do not spread through the same medium.
The nurse is caring for a group of clients at a public health clinic. For which sexually transmitted disease would the nurse focus the client education on curative goals?
- A. Chlamydia
- B. HIV
- C. HPV
- D. Genital herpes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chlamydia is a common and fast-spreading bacterium. Because it is a bacterium, with proper treatment, chlamydia is able to be cured. Sexually transmitted diseases that are viruses, such as HIV, HPV, and herpes, can lie dormant in the body and thus are difficult to treat.
The nurse is counseling a client who has been diagnosed with two sexually transmitted infections. The client is shocked and states not knowing how this has happened. Which of the following statements is most appropriate by the nurse?
- A. Your partner could have been asymptomatic at that time.
- B. You should have asked your partner if they have any infections.
- C. Sexually transmitted infections have obvious signs of their presence.
- D. Your partner should have told you of a previous infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is most correct to support the client and provide information on how the infection could have been spread. It is true that the client's partner could have been asymptomatic during their sexual contact. The nurse should not be judgmental or accusing in nature as in the other responses.
A client with syphilis did not receive treatment and has now progressed into the tertiary stage of the disorder. Which symptoms would the nurse expect the client to exhibit?
- A. Ulcated chancre, aortic valve insufficiency, lymphadenopathy
- B. Fever, malaise, sore throat
- C. Papular lesions, rash, headache
- D. Tabes dorsalis, ataxia, and Charcot's joints
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client with late or tertiary syphilis is noninfectious because the microorganism has invaded the central nervous system (CNS) as well as other organs of the body. Symptoms of tertiary syphilis include tabes dorsalis (a degenerative condition of the CNS that results in loss of peripheral reflexes and of vibratory and position senses), ataxia, and neuropathic joint disease, also called Charcot's joints. Symptoms of secondary syphilis include fever, malaise, rash, headache, sore throat, and lymph node enlargement. Ulcerated chancre occurs in the primary stage.