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An occupational health nurse is discussing health promotion with a client who has a history of obesity. Which of the following comments indicates the client is using rationalization as a coping mechanism?
- A. I have lots of health problems from being obese
- B. I am obese, it's in my genes
- C. I have difficulty resisting the items in vending machines
- D. I know you don't like me because I am obese
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the client is using rationalization by attributing their obesity to genetics rather than taking personal responsibility. This deflects accountability and provides a justification for their weight issue. Choice A acknowledges the health problems related to obesity. Choice C acknowledges a specific struggle with resisting temptations. Choice D reflects projection, attributing dislike to the nurse. Other choices are incomplete.
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A community health nurse is working with a family that is struggling to adapt following the loss of a family member. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Refer the family to a grief support group.
- B. Determine the roles of individual family members.
- C. Encourage the family to assign specific tasks to individual family members.
- D. Assist the family to establish a daily routine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Determine the roles of individual family members. This is the first step because understanding the roles within the family will help identify strengths and resources to support them through the grieving process. By determining roles, the nurse can assess each family member's needs and abilities, facilitating targeted interventions. Referral to a grief support group (A) may be beneficial later, but understanding family dynamics comes first. While assigning tasks (C) and establishing a routine (D) are important, they should come after identifying roles to ensure they are tailored to the family's specific needs.
A community health nurse is planning a program for adolescents about preventing STIs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Collect data to identify barriers to learning
- B. Establish methods to evaluate program outcomes
- C. Obtain visual aids that feature adolescents
- D. Provide computer-based education
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Collect data to identify barriers to learning. This should be the first step because understanding the specific challenges and obstacles that adolescents face in learning about preventing STIs is crucial for designing an effective program. By collecting data, the nurse can tailor the program to address the specific needs of the target audience, ensuring that the information is relevant and accessible.
Choice B, establishing methods to evaluate program outcomes, would come later in the program planning process after the content has been developed and implemented. Choice C, obtaining visual aids featuring adolescents, and choice D, providing computer-based education, are also important but should be considered after identifying barriers to learning to enhance the effectiveness of the program.
A public health nurse is addressing community leaders at a forum about community improvement. The nurse should identify which of the following groups as being the fastest growing segment of the homeless population?
- A. People who have substance use disorders
- B. Families who have children
- C. Adolescent runaways
- D. Men who are unemployed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Families who have children. This group is the fastest growing segment of the homeless population due to various factors such as lack of affordable housing, economic instability, and family breakdown. Families with children are particularly vulnerable to homelessness as they face challenges in accessing stable housing. In contrast, choices A, C, and D represent specific subgroups within the homeless population, but they are not identified as the fastest growing segment. People with substance use disorders, adolescent runaways, and unemployed men may indeed be at risk of homelessness, but they do not currently constitute the fastest growing segment.
A community health nurse is working with a group of homeless veterans who have posttraumatic stress disorder. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Provide coffee and snacks during the meetings
- B. Avoid discussing the traumatic events experienced by the veterans
- C. Change the meeting sites frequently
- D. Teach the clients to practice deep breathing exercises
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Teach the clients to practice deep breathing exercises. This intervention is appropriate because deep breathing exercises are a proven technique to help manage anxiety and stress, common symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. By teaching the veterans this skill, the nurse can empower them to cope with their symptoms effectively. Providing coffee and snacks (A) may be comforting but does not address the core issue. Avoiding discussing traumatic events (B) can hinder the therapeutic process. Changing meeting sites frequently (C) may disrupt the sense of safety and trust.
A school nurse is planning safety education for a group of adolescents. The nurse should give priority to which of the following topics as the leading cause of death for this age group?
- A. Sports injury prevention
- B. Motor vehicle safety
- C. Substance abuse prevention
- D. Gun safety
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Motor vehicle safety. Adolescents are at a higher risk of motor vehicle accidents, making it the leading cause of death in this age group. This is due to factors like inexperience, risk-taking behaviors, and distractions while driving. Sports injury prevention (A) is important but not the leading cause of death. Substance abuse prevention (C) is significant but not the primary cause of death. Gun safety (D) is also crucial but not as prevalent as motor vehicle accidents.