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An older adult patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 18. A nurse at the outpatient medication clinic interviews this patient. Which communication strategy will be most helpful?
- A. Ask questions that can be answered with yes or no.
- B. Ask clear, simple questions using concrete language.
- C. Use silence often and let the patient take the lead.
- D. Use open-ended, indirect questions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Communication with individuals who have schizophrenia might be difficult because of their various thought disorders. The nurse can be most effective by using simple language, keeping to concrete concepts, and clarifying and validating as needed (B). Yes/no questions (A) limit information, silence (C) may not engage, and open-ended questions (D) may confuse.
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After a person was abducted and raped at gunpoint by an unknown assailant, which trauma syndrome is most likely to occur?
- A. Decreased motor activity.
- B. Confusion and disbelief.
- C. Flashbacks and dreams.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Confusion and disbelief. After experiencing a traumatic event like abduction and rape at gunpoint, it is common for individuals to feel confused and in disbelief due to the overwhelming nature of the experience. This reaction is part of the acute stress response and is a normal psychological defense mechanism. Decreased motor activity (choice A) is less likely to be the immediate response to such a traumatic event. Flashbacks and dreams (choice C) are more characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which may develop later on but are not the initial trauma syndrome. Choice D is incorrect as trauma responses are expected in this situation.
The most severe psychological disorder is a(n)
- A. personality disorder
- B. psychosomatic illness
- C. anxiety disorder
- D. psychosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Psychosis, involving severe reality distortion, is considered the most debilitating class of disorders.
Which of the following behaviors is most consistent with bulimia nervosa?
- A. Severe food restriction and extreme weight loss.
- B. Binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives.
- C. Excessive exercise and rigid dietary rules.
- D. Overeating and no attempts to control food intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Binge eating followed by vomiting or use of laxatives. This behavior is most consistent with bulimia nervosa as it involves recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting or laxative use. This pattern of behavior is a key diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa.
A: Severe food restriction and extreme weight loss is more indicative of anorexia nervosa, not bulimia nervosa.
C: Excessive exercise and rigid dietary rules may be seen in various eating disorders, but it is not specific to bulimia nervosa.
D: Overeating without attempts to control food intake is more characteristic of binge eating disorder, not bulimia nervosa.
Health Services for disabilities in children and youth:
- A. Are provided by HPB and the Child Development Programmes only
- B. Are inclusive and equitable
- C. Are well-integrated with social services
- D. Ought to include caregiver support and be familycentred
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health services should be family-centered and include caregiver support, reflecting best practices in disability care.
Which would be the best initial approach for a nurse to select when managing the care of an individual with two children who works full-time and has been abused by a partner?
- A. Teach the individual how to avoid provoking the abuser.
- B. Assist the individual in filing a police report describing the abuse.
- C. Help the individual to identify needs in order to best obtain support.
- D. Facilitate the individual's move into a safe house located near the current workplace.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Help the individual to identify needs in order to best obtain support. This is the best initial approach because it focuses on understanding the individual's specific needs and circumstances before taking any further action. By identifying needs, the nurse can create a tailored plan to provide appropriate support and resources.
Option A is incorrect because teaching the individual to avoid provoking the abuser places the responsibility on the victim rather than addressing the root cause of the abuse. Option B, filing a police report, may not be the best initial step as it may not take into consideration the individual's safety concerns or emotional well-being. Option D, moving the individual to a safe house, may not be feasible or desired by the individual without first understanding their needs and preferences.