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Antonia is a 3-year-old child who has a history of status epilepticus. Along with her routine antiseizure medication, she should also have a home prescription for to be used for an episode of status epilepticus.
- A. IV phenobarbital
- B. Rectal diazepam (Diastat)
- C. IV phenytoin (Dilantin)
- D. Oral carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal diazepam is a rescue medication for status epilepticus at home.
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Elimination after 4 half lives in first order kinetics is
- A. 84%
- B. 93%
- C. 80.50%
- D. 4.75%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After 4 half-lives, 93.75% (1 - 1/16) of the drug is eliminated in first-order kinetics.
Which of the following is the longest acting newer antihistamine:
- A. Mequitazine
- B. Loratidine
- C. Astemizole
- D. Terfenadine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Astemizole has the longest duration among listed antihistamines.
Which drug reference contains drug monographs that describe all drugs in a therapeutic class?
- A. Drug Facts and Comparisons
- B. Drug Interaction Facts
- C. Handbook on Injectable Drugs
- D. Martindale-The Complete Drug Reference
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Drug Facts and Comparisons contains drug monographs that describe all drugs in a therapeutic class. Monographs are formatted as tables to allow comparison of similar products, brand names, manufacturers, cost indices, and available dosage forms.
Donald has been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. Based on his lipid profile, atorvastatin is prescribed. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but serious adverse response to this drug. Donald should be told to:
- A. Become a vegetarian because this disorder is associated with eating red meat.
- B. Stop taking the drug if abdominal cramps and diarrhea develop.
- C. Report muscle weakness or tenderness and dark urine to his provider immediately.
- D. Expect 'hot flash' sensations during the first 2 weeks of therapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Muscle symptoms and dark urine indicate rhabdomyolysis, requiring immediate reporting.
The patient is taking a drug that affects the body by increasing cellular activity. Where does this drug work on the cell?
- A. Receptor sites
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Golgi body
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Many drugs are thought to act at specific areas on cell membranes called receptor sites. After the receptor site is activated, this in turn activates the enzyme systems to produce certain effects, such as increased or decreased cellular activity, changes in cell membrane permeability, or alterations in cellular metabolism. Receptor sites are generally located on the outside of cells and allow the drug to bypass the cell membrane. The Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum are not involved in this process.