Nokea
As part of primary cancer prevention program, an oncology nurse answers questions from the public at health fair. When someone asks about the laryngeal cancer, the nurse should explain that:
- A. Laryngeal cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer
- B. Inhaling polluted air isn't a risk factor for laryngeal cancer
- C. Laryngeal cancer occurs primarily in women
- D. Adenocarcinoma accounts for most cases of laryngeal cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Laryngeal cancer is indeed one of the most preventable types of cancer. The primary risk factors for laryngeal cancer include tobacco use (particularly smoking) and excessive alcohol consumption. Therefore, avoiding tobacco products, moderating alcohol intake, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of developing laryngeal cancer. Additionally, early detection through regular check-ups and screenings can help in detecting any precancerous or cancerous changes in the larynx, leading to better treatment outcomes and prognosis.
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When the nurse interviews an adolescent, which is especially important?
- A. Focus the discussion on the peer group.
- B. Allow an opportunity to express feelings.
- C. Emphasize that confidentiality will always be maintained.
- D. Use the same type of language as the adolescent.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When the nurse interviews an adolescent, allowing an opportunity for the adolescent to express their feelings is especially important. Adolescents are at a stage in life where they are developing their own identity and dealing with a range of emotions. Providing a safe space for them to open up about their thoughts and feelings can help the nurse better understand and address their needs. This can also build a trustful relationship between the nurse and the adolescent, leading to more effective communication and care.
Correct method of mouth to mouth respiration is that the victim's chin is held:
- A. Forward
- B. Backward
- C. Sideward
- D. Downward
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When performing the correct method of mouth-to-mouth respiration, it is essential to ensure that the victim's chin is held downward. This helps to properly open the airway, allowing for effective ventilation. By tilting the head back and holding the chin downward, you are able to align the victim's airway to allow the entry of air into the lungs during rescue breathing. Holding the chin in a downward position also helps prevent any obstruction that may hinder the flow of air. Remember to also pinch the victim's nose closed while giving breaths to ensure that the air goes into their lungs.
HIV antibody testing procedures using a finger stick or venipuncture to obtain whole blood, plasma, or serum, and tests using oral fluid were approved. All the following regarding this test are true EXCEPT
- A. they are simple and accurate as to render the likelihood of an erroneous result by the user negligible
- B. a positive result does not need confirmation by Western blot analysis or immunofluorescence assay
- C. they allow women who have not been tested or are unaware of their HIV status to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of antiretroviral therapy implementation
- D. they significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A positive result from rapid HIV tests still requires confirmation with more specific tests like Western blot or immunofluorescence assay.
Of the following, the MOST likely cause of constipation is
- A. hypothyroidism
- B. Hirschsprung disease
- C. functional constipation
- D. celiac disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Functional constipation is the most common cause of constipation in children, often due to diet or behavioral factors.
Nurse Nancy also gives a lecture at the community health center about the diet for patients with ulcerative colitis. Which one is appropriate?
- A. high calorie, low protein
- B. low fat, high fiber
- C. high protein, low residue
- D. low sodium, high carbohydrate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with ulcerative colitis usually benefit from a high protein, low residue diet. A high protein diet helps promote tissue healing and repair. Low residue foods are preferred to reduce mechanical irritation to the inflamed colon. This combination can help manage symptoms and promote overall gut health for individuals with ulcerative colitis. High calorie, low protein (Option A) may not provide adequate nutrient density and healing support. Low fat, high fiber (Option B) may exacerbate symptoms and increase gastrointestinal discomfort. Low sodium, high carbohydrate (Option D) may not address the specific needs of patients with ulcerative colitis.