Nokea
As part of primary cancer prevention program, an oncology nurse answers questions from the public at health fair. When someone asks about the laryngeal cancer, the nurse should explain that:
- A. Laryngeal cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer
- B. Inhaling polluted air isn’t a risk factor for laryngeal cancer
- C. Laryngeal cancer occurs primarily in women
- D. Adenocarcinoma accounts for most cases of laryngeal cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Laryngeal cancer is strongly linked to smoking and alcohol consumption.
2. Both smoking and alcohol use are modifiable risk factors, meaning they can be prevented.
3. By avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing laryngeal cancer.
4. Therefore, laryngeal cancer is considered one of the most preventable types of cancer.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B. Inhaling polluted air can be a risk factor for laryngeal cancer, so this statement is inaccurate.
C. Laryngeal cancer occurs more frequently in men than women, so this statement is incorrect.
D. Squamous cell carcinoma, not adenocarcinoma, is the most common type of laryngeal cancer, making this statement incorrect.
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When evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions for sinusitis discomfort, which of the following does the nurse assess?
- A. WBC count
- B. Capillary refill
- C. Amount and color of sinus drainage
- D. Comfort level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amount and color of sinus drainage. Assessing the amount and color of sinus drainage is crucial in evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions for sinusitis discomfort as it indicates the presence of infection or inflammation. Changes in color or amount can signify improvement or worsening of the condition. WBC count (A) may indicate infection but doesn't directly reflect sinusitis discomfort. Capillary refill (B) assesses circulation, not sinusitis. Comfort level (D) is subjective and can vary among individuals, making it less reliable for assessing the effectiveness of interventions.
A client with primary diabetes insipidus is ready for discharge on desmopressin (DDAVP). Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. “Administer desmopressin while the suspension is cold.”
- B. “Your condition isn’t chronic, so you won’t need to wear a medical identification bracelet.”
- C. “You may not be able to use desmopressin nasally if you have nasal discharge or blockage.”
- D. “You won’t need to monitor your fluid intake and output after you start taking desmopressin.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: “You may not be able to use desmopressin nasally if you have nasal discharge or blockage.”
Rationale:
1. Desmopressin is available in intranasal form for diabetes insipidus.
2. Nasal discharge or blockage may prevent proper absorption of the medication.
3. Instructing the client about this potential issue ensures optimal drug effectiveness.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. Temperature of desmopressin suspension doesn't affect its efficacy.
B: Incorrect. A medical identification bracelet is necessary for chronic conditions like diabetes insipidus.
D: Incorrect. Monitoring fluid intake and output is crucial when taking desmopressin.
The nurse is attempting to prompt the patient to elaborate on the reports of daytime fatigue. Which question should the nurse ask?
- A. “Is there anything that you are stressed about right now that I should know?”
- B. “What reasons do you think are contributing to your fatigue?”
- C. “What are your normal work hours?”
- D. “Are you sleeping 8 hours a night?”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it encourages the patient to reflect on their own thoughts and identify potential causes of their fatigue. It allows the patient to express their own insights and helps the nurse understand the underlying reasons for the fatigue. Choice A focuses on stress, which may not be the main cause of fatigue. Choice C is irrelevant to exploring the fatigue further. Choice D assumes that lack of sleep is the main issue, which may not be the case for the patient.
During outcome identification and planning, from what part of the nursing diagnoses are outcomes derived?
- A. The defining characteristics
- B. The related factors
- C. The problem statement
- D. The database
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During outcome identification and planning, outcomes are derived from the problem statement of the nursing diagnoses. This is because the problem statement clearly defines the patient's health issue or condition that needs to be addressed, thus guiding the development of specific, measurable, and achievable outcomes. The defining characteristics (choice A) describe the signs and symptoms of the health problem but do not directly lead to outcome identification. The related factors (choice B) represent the potential causes or contributing factors to the health problem and are not used to derive outcomes. The database (choice D) consists of the patient's health history, assessment data, and laboratory findings, which are essential for diagnosing but do not directly determine outcomes. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly informs the outcomes to be achieved.
A patient is treated with IV methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol) for emphysema. What is the purpose of corticosteroid treatment in lung disease?
- A. Dry secretions
- B. Improve the oxygen-carrying capacity
- C. Treat the infection that causes an of hemoglobin.
- D. Reduce airway inflammation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduce airway inflammation. Corticosteroids like methylprednisolone are used in emphysema to reduce inflammation in the airways, which can help improve lung function and symptoms. Corticosteroids work by suppressing the immune response that leads to inflammation in the airways. This can help decrease swelling, mucus production, and constriction of the airways, all of which contribute to the symptoms of emphysema. Dry secretions (choice A) and improving oxygen-carrying capacity (choice B) are not the primary purposes of corticosteroid treatment in emphysema. Treating infection that causes a low level of hemoglobin (choice C) is not relevant to corticosteroid treatment for emphysema.