Nokea
Assume you are going to estimate the prevalence of amoebic dysentery in a small country which harbors a total number of population of 530,000; you find that 57,000 of the population are infected by the disease. The prevalence of this disease is closest to
- A. 5.33%
- B. 7.45%
- C. 10.75%
- D. 20.22%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prevalence = (Number of infected / Total population) * 100 = (57,000 / 530,000) * 100 ≈ 10.75%.
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A nurse is counseling parents of a child beginning to show signs of being overweight. The nurse accurately relates which body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile indicates a risk for being overweight?
- A. 10th percentile
- B. 9th percentile
- C. 85th percentile
- D. 95th percentile
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile indicating a risk for being overweight is the 95th percentile. This means that if a child's BMI falls at or above the 95th percentile for their age group, they are classified as overweight. This percentile is used as a cutoff point to identify children at risk of being overweight and to guide intervention strategies such as lifestyle changes, increased physical activity, and dietary modifications. Parents should work with healthcare providers to address their child's weight status and implement appropriate measures to promote a healthy lifestyle.
The nurse is assessing a child after a cardiac catheterization. Which complication should the nurse be assessing for?
- A. Cardiac arrhythmia
- B. Hypostatic pneumonia
- C. Heart failure
- D. Rapidly increasing blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After a cardiac catheterization, the nurse should be assessing for the development of cardiac arrhythmias, as this is a potential complication associated with the procedure. Cardiac arrhythmias can occur due to irritation of the heart during the catheterization, changes in electrolyte levels, or other factors related to the procedure. Monitoring the child's cardiac rhythm closely allows for early detection and management of arrhythmias to prevent serious complications. While other complications such as hypostatic pneumonia, heart failure, and rapidly increasing blood pressure can also occur, cardiac arrhythmia is the most important complication to assess for immediately post-cardiac catheterization.
Prenatal screening is recommended for all pregnant women to detect neural tube defect. If a neural tube defect is present, one of the following is often elevated
- A. human chorionic gonadotropin
- B. a-fetoprotein
- C. estriol
- D. inhibin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are elevated in maternal serum when a neural tube defect is present due to fetal leakage of AFP into the amniotic fluid and maternal circulation.
A nurse is admitting a toddler to the hospital. The toddler is with both parents and is currently sitting comfortably on a parent's lap. The parents state they will need to leave for a brief period. Which type of nursing diagnosis should the nurse formulate for this child?
- A. Risk for anxiety
- B. Anxiety
- C. Readiness for enhanced coping
- D. Ineffective coping
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The appropriate nursing diagnosis for the toddler in this scenario would be "Risk for anxiety." The child is currently comfortable sitting on a parent's lap but may experience increased anxiety when the parents leave for a brief period. Since the parents' departure has not yet occurred and the child's reaction is uncertain, it is more appropriate to identify the potential risk of anxiety rather than stating the child is already experiencing anxiety. This diagnosis focuses on the potential for a negative emotion, providing an opportunity for nursing interventions to prevent or reduce anxiety in the child's upcoming situation.
After the surgical incision has been clised and the anesthesia has wear-off, the patient is extubated and transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Who is responsible for transferring the patient?
- A. Circulating nurse
- B. scrub nurse
- C. surgeon
- D. anesthesiologist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The anesthesiologist is responsible for transferring the patient to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after the surgical incision has been closed and the anesthesia has worn off. The anesthesiologist ensures that the patient is stable and ready for transfer, including assessing vital signs and overall condition. Due to their specialized training in anesthesia and perioperative care, the anesthesiologist is best equipped to manage the transition of care from the operating room to the PACU, where the patient will continue to be monitored closely during the immediate postoperative period.