Nokea
At this stage the group members will begin to develop a feeling of group cohesion and identity:
- A. Forming
- B. Storming
- C. Norming
- D. Performing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Norming (Tuckman) fosters cohesion and a unified group identity through shared norms.
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The nurse is caring for the newborn of a mother who is HIV positive. What treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the infant?
- A. Bacitracin
- B. Erythromycin
- C. Protease inhibitor
- D. Zidovudine (AZT)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Zidovudine (AZT). This antiretroviral medication is commonly used to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child during pregnancy and delivery. AZT reduces the risk of vertical transmission by inhibiting viral replication in the newborn. Bacitracin (A) and Erythromycin (B) are antibiotics that do not treat HIV. Protease inhibitors (C) are not typically used in newborns due to safety concerns and efficacy in preventing transmission.
What is the role of the physician when the patient lacks decisionmaking capacity and someone other than a family member has been designated as the surrogate decision maker?
- A. Follow the instructions of the family and ignore the surrogate
- B. Ignore the family and talk only to the surrogate
- C. Serve as a mediator between parties and encourage all groups to work together in the best interest of the patient, consistent with the patient's wishes
- D. Consult legal affairs to determine who should be the decisionmaker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mediation ensures collaboration and honors the patient's designated surrogate.
The nurse is reinforcing teaching on transmission of HIV for a family of a patient diagnosed with HIV. Which explanation by the nurse would be correct?
- A. HIV can be spread by casual contact.'
- B. HIV lives for long periods outside the body.'
- C. HIV is most commonly transmitted via tears and saliva.'
- D. HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes, such as during unprotected sexual contact or sharing needles. This is crucial information for preventing transmission. Choice A is incorrect as HIV is not spread through casual contact. Choice B is incorrect because HIV does not live for long periods outside the body. Choice C is incorrect as tears and saliva do not typically transmit HIV. Understanding how HIV is transmitted helps in implementing effective prevention strategies.
The nurse demonstrates an understanding of the importance of assessment in prevention of mental illness when:
- A. Observing the partner of a pregnant woman for evidence of effective support and caring.
- B. Educating the family of a client diagnosed with depression as to the signs of suicide planning.
- C. Encouraging the parents of a teenager diagnosed with anorexia to attend family counseling.
- D. Assessing the problem-solving skills of a client diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because observing the partner of a pregnant woman for effective support and caring is important in preventing mental illness by promoting a supportive environment. This assessment can help identify potential risk factors or stressors that may contribute to the development of mental health issues. In contrast, options B, C, and D focus on interventions after the mental illness has already been diagnosed, rather than prevention through early assessment. B addresses managing a diagnosed condition, C focuses on treatment through counseling, and D involves evaluating specific symptoms rather than holistic support. Thus, A is the most appropriate choice for prevention through early assessment.
Why are patients advised not to abruptly discontinue a benzodiazepine regimen?
- A. Potential for seizures
- B. Have many side effects
- C. Serotonin syndrome
- D. but do not abruptly stop taking medication - can cause withdrawal symptom
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potential for seizures. Abruptly discontinuing benzodiazepines can lead to withdrawal symptoms, including seizures, due to the sudden decrease in GABA activity in the brain. This can result in serious health risks. Option B is incorrect as side effects are not the primary reason for gradual tapering. Option C is unrelated, as serotonin syndrome is associated with other types of medications. Option D is incorrect because withdrawal symptoms, not side effects, are the main concern when stopping benzodiazepines abruptly.