Nokea
Baby Melody is a neonate who has a very low-birth-weight. Nurse Josie carefully monitors inspiratory pressure and oxygen (O ) concentration to prevent which of the following?
- A. Meconium aspiration syndrome
- B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
- C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- D. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A neonate with very low birth weight is at risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which is a common breathing disorder in premature infants. RDS occurs due to a lack of a substance in the lungs called surfactant, which helps keep the air sacs open and prevents them from collapsing. In neonates with very low birth weight, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to breathing difficulties and respiratory distress.
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Niklaus was born with hypospadias; which of the following should be avoided when a child has such condition?
- A. Surgery
- B. Circumcision
- C. Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
- D. Catheterization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip. If a child is born with hypospadias, circumcision should be avoided. Circumcision involves removing part of the foreskin, which can cause complications for children with hypospadias, such as affecting future surgical repair procedures or worsening the hypospadias itself. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid circumcision in children with hypospadias.
A nurse is assessing a newborn infant who was born to a mother who is addicted to drugs. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to note during the assessment of this newborn?
- A. Sleepiness
- B. Cuddles when being held
- C. Lethargy
- D. Incessant crying
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Newborn infants born to mothers who are addicted to drugs are at risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to drug withdrawal. Lethargy is a common finding in newborns with NAS. This is characterized by excessive sleepiness, decreased responsiveness, and lack of energy or enthusiasm for activities. Lethargy is often seen as a result of the withdrawal symptoms experienced by the newborn due to exposure to drugs in utero. It is important for the nurse to monitor the newborn closely for signs of withdrawal and provide appropriate care and interventions to manage NAS symptoms.
A nurse finds Mr. Gabatan under the wreckage of the car. He is conscious, breathing satisfactorily, and lying on the back complaining of pain in the back and an inability to move his legs. The nurse should first:
- A. Leave Mr. Gabatan lying on his back with instructions to move and then go seek additional help
- B. Gently raise Mr. Gabatan to a sitting position to see if the pain either
- C. Roll Mr. Gabatan on his abdomen, place, a pad under his head, and cover him with any material available
- D. Gently lift Mr. Gavatan into a flat piece of lumber and using any available transportation, rush him to the nearest medical institution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct initial action in this scenario would be to roll Mr. Gabatan on his abdomen, placing a pad under his head, and covering him with any material available. This position is known as the recovery position, and it is important for individuals who have suspected spinal injuries. By rolling Mr. Gabatan onto his abdomen, it helps protect his spine and prevent further injury. Placing a pad under his head provides some support, and covering him with material helps to keep him warm and comfortable while waiting for additional help to arrive. It is crucial to avoid movement, especially if there is a suspected spinal injury, as moving the individual incorrectly can worsen the injury and lead to permanent damage.
Which common side effect of metolazone (Zaroxolyn) should the nurse instruct a patient to report to the health- care provider?
- A. Numb hands
- B. Gastrointestinal distress
- C. Muscle weakness
- D. Nightmares
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metolazone, a diuretic medication commonly known as Zaroxolyn, can cause electrolyte imbalances in the body, particularly low potassium levels which can lead to muscle weakness. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the patient to report any signs or symptoms of muscle weakness to the healthcare provider promptly. Numb hands, gastrointestinal distress, and nightmares are not common side effects of metolazone that typically require urgent medical attention.
A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission's team to a third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6 months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse expect for this condition?
- A. Loose, wrinkled skin
- B. Edematous skin
- C. Depigmentation of the skin
- D. Dermatoses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by a significant deficiency in calories and protein intake. Symptoms of marasmus include severe wasting of muscle and fat stores, giving the appearance of loose, wrinkled skin due to the loss of subcutaneous fat. Other symptoms may include lethargy, irritability, delayed growth and development, and weakened immune function. Edematous skin is more commonly associated with kwashiorkor, another form of severe malnutrition characterized by protein deficiency with adequate caloric intake. Depigmentation of the skin and dermatoses are not typical symptoms of marasmus.