Nokea
Before the late 1800s, childbirth usually took place __________.
- A. at home and was a family-centered event
- B. at home, but away from other family members
- C. in a hospital with trained midwives
- D. in the home of a medical professional or in a hospital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before the late 1800s, childbirth usually took place at home and was a family-centered event. During this period, most women gave birth at home with the help of family members and possibly a midwife. Hospitals were not common settings for childbirth at that time. Choice B is incorrect because childbirth was not typically done away from family members. Choice C is incorrect because hospitals were not the common setting for childbirth before the late 1800s. Choice D is incorrect because giving birth in the home of a medical professional or a hospital was not the norm during that period.
You may also like to solve these questions
Tiffany is a small-for-date baby. This means she __________.
- A. was born several weeks or more before her due date
- B. was born below her expected weight considering the length of the pregnancy
- C. will probably have much less serious problems than a preterm infant
- D. may have difficulties in infancy but will outgrow them by the preschool years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A small-for-date baby, also known as a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby, is a baby who is born below their expected weight considering the length of the pregnancy. This can be due to various factors including issues with growth restriction in the womb. Being small-for-date is different from being preterm (born prematurely) and does not necessarily mean that the baby was born early. Choice A is incorrect because being small-for-date does not specifically indicate being born several weeks or more before the due date. Choice C is incorrect because being small-for-date does not guarantee fewer problems than a preterm infant, as each baby's health outcomes can vary. Choice D is incorrect because while small-for-date babies may have initial difficulties, it does not guarantee that these issues will be outgrown by the preschool years.
Which of the following best describes a sequential design?
- A. Does not address diversity in developmental outcomes.
- B. Permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating.
- C. Is less efficient than a longitudinal design.
- D. Makes cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, comparisons.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A sequential design permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating. This design involves combining cross-sectional and longitudinal research, allowing for the comparison of different cohorts at different ages. By using this approach, researchers can determine if developmental changes observed are due to age or generation-specific factors. Therefore, a sequential design is valuable in addressing the potential influence of cohort effects on developmental outcomes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a sequential design does not neglect diversity in developmental outcomes, is not necessarily less efficient than a longitudinal design, and can make both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons.
Katie wonders when she will first be able to hear her fetus's heartbeat through a stethoscope. You tell her that this should happen by the __________.
- A. fourth week of pregnancy
- B. third month of pregnancy
- C. end of the second trimester
- D. beginning of the third trimester
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the third month of pregnancy (choice B). During the third month of pregnancy, which is around 9-12 weeks, a fetal heartbeat can typically be heard using a stethoscope. This is an exciting milestone for expectant parents as it provides reassurance about the baby's well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because by the fourth week of pregnancy, the fetal heartbeat is not usually detectable with a stethoscope. The end of the second trimester and the beginning of the third trimester are too late in the pregnancy timeline for this milestone.
Like Piaget's theory, the information-processing approach __________.
- A. divides development into stages
- B. views development as discontinuous
- C. regards people as actively making sense of their own thinking
- D. has much to say about nonlinear cognition, such as imagination and creativity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'regards people as actively making sense of their own thinking.' The information-processing approach, similar to Piaget's theory, focuses on how individuals actively process information, encode it, store it, and retrieve it to understand the world around them. Choices A and B are incorrect because the information-processing approach does not necessarily divide development into stages or view development as discontinuous. Choice D is incorrect because the information-processing approach is more concerned with cognitive processes like encoding, storage, and retrieval, rather than nonlinear cognition such as imagination and creativity.
__________, a strong type of painkiller used in labor and delivery, blocks sensation.
- A. Anesthetics
- B. Analgesics
- C. Anti-inflammatories
- D. Folic acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anesthetics, such as epidurals, are a strong type of painkiller used in labor and delivery that block sensation. They work by numbing the nerves in the lower part of the spine, providing pain relief during childbirth. Choice B, Analgesics, are pain relievers that reduce pain without causing loss of consciousness, but they are not as strong as anesthetics for labor pain. Choice C, Anti-inflammatories, are medications that reduce inflammation and do not directly block sensation like anesthetics. Choice D, Folic acids, are a type of B vitamin crucial for cell growth and metabolism, not used as painkillers in labor and delivery.