Nokea
Bioethical issue should be describe as _____.
- A. the withholding of food and treatment at the request of the patient in a written advance directive given before a patient acquired permanent brain damage from an accident
- B. the physician's making all decisions of client management without getting input from the patient
- C. after the patient gives permission, the physician's disclosing all information to the family for this support in the management of the patient
- D. a research project that included treating all regular employed personnel and not treating all casual employed to compare the outcome of specific drug therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The bioethical issue described in option A revolves around the concept of advance directives. Advance directives are legal documents that outline a person's wishes regarding medical treatment in the event that they are unable to communicate those wishes themselves. In this scenario, the issue pertains to the withholding of food and treatment based on a written advance directive that was made before the patient suffered permanent brain damage. This raises important ethical considerations about respecting a patient's autonomy and adhering to their previously expressed wishes, even in difficult circumstances. The decision to withhold treatment in such a situation is a complex bioethical issue that needs to be handled carefully while balancing the principles of autonomy and beneficence.
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Nurse Sandy has completed the study and started to make a report to be Research department. A written brief summary is submitted which is known as _____.
- A. narrative
- B. critical appraisal
- C. abstract
- D. monograph
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An abstract is a concise summary of a research study that provides an overview of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of the research. It is usually the first section of a research report or article and serves to give the reader a quick understanding of the study without having to read the full document. In this case, Nurse Sandy has completed the study and is preparing to submit a written brief summary to the Research department, which is typically in the form of an abstract. It highlights the key points of the study, allowing others to quickly grasp the main findings and implications.
How many years are medico-legal charts stored?
- A. 8 years
- B. 5 years
- C. 10 years after the case is closed
- D. 10 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Medico-legal charts are typically stored for a minimum of 10 years after the case is closed to ensure compliance with legal requirements and to provide a comprehensive record of the medical care provided. This duration allows for potential future reference, follow-up treatment, or legal purposes that may arise within the specified timeframe. It is important to maintain these records for an extended period to protect both the patient's rights and the healthcare provider's accountability. Additionally, storing medico-legal charts for 10 years aligns with standard retention practices in the healthcare industry.
A nurse is preparing to perform a wound irrigation procedure for a patient with a contaminated wound. What solution should the nurse use for wound irrigation?
- A. Sterile water
- B. Normal saline
- C. Hydrogen peroxide
- D. Betadine solution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Normal saline is the preferred solution for wound irrigation because it is isotonic and will not damage healthy tissue or delay wound healing. It helps to remove debris and pathogens from the wound, promoting a clean environment for healing. Sterile water can be used if normal saline is not available, but it may cause cellular damage if used in large volumes. Hydrogen peroxide and Betadine solution are not recommended for wound irrigation as they can be cytotoxic to the tissues and interfere with the wound healing process. It's important for the nurse to use evidence-based practice and follow recommended guidelines to promote optimal wound healing outcomes.
A patient presents with a pruritic, eczematous rash with erythematous papules, vesicles, and excoriations on the flexural surfaces of the elbows and knees. The patient reports a personal history of asthma and hay fever. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Atopic dermatitis
- B. Contact dermatitis
- C. Seborrheic dermatitis
- D. Nummular eczema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin condition that typically presents in individuals with a personal or family history of asthma and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). The characteristic presentation includes erythematous papules, vesicles, and excoriations on the flexural surfaces of the elbows and knees. This type of dermatitis is commonly seen in patients with atopy, which refers to a genetic predisposition to develop allergic diseases like asthma, hay fever, and eczema. Therefore, given the patient's personal history of asthma and hay fever along with the described rash distribution and appearance, atopic dermatitis is the most likely diagnosis.
What drug should the nurse prepare for administration to reverse all signs of toxicity?
- A. Digibind (Digoxin)
- B. Atropine sulfate
- C. Naloxone (Narcan)
- D. Diazepam (Valium)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Naloxone, also known by the brand name Narcan, is used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose. Opioids can cause respiratory depression, sedation, and other signs of toxicity. Administering naloxone can quickly reverse these effects, restoring the patient's breathing and consciousness. This makes it the appropriate choice for reversing all signs of toxicity related to opioids. Digibind (Digoxin) is used to reverse toxicity from digoxin specifically. Atropine sulfate is used for bradycardia. Diazepam (Valium) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, seizures, and muscle relaxation, not for reversing toxicity.