Nokea
The best prevention management of contact latex allergy is ______.
- A. applying lotion before gloving
- B. avoidance of latex products
- C. avoiding rubberized goods
- D. resigning from the job
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best prevention management of contact latex allergy is to avoid latex products entirely. Latex allergies can range from mild skin irritation to severe reactions such as anaphylaxis. This means that even applying lotion before using latex gloves may not be sufficient to prevent an allergic reaction in individuals who are sensitized to latex. It is important for individuals with latex allergy to completely avoid exposure to latex products, including rubberized goods, to prevent triggering an allergic response. Resigning from the job is not a practical solution and should not be necessary if proper precautions are taken to avoid latex exposure.
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There are five criteria in prioritizing community health problems. If Nurse Maris is estimating the proportion of the population affected by the problem, she is using what criterion in prrioritization?
- A. Social concern
- B. Nature of the problem
- C. Magnitude of the problem
- D. Modifiability of the problem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When Nurse Maris is estimating the proportion of the population affected by the problem, she is assessing the magnitude of the problem. The magnitude criterion involves determining the extent of the issue within the community, such as the number of individuals affected or at risk. By understanding the magnitude of a health problem, nurses can better prioritize their efforts to address the most pressing issues that affect a large portion of the population. This criterion helps in identifying which health problems have the highest impact and require immediate attention in order to improve community health outcomes.
A patient with a severe viral infection exhibits reduced levels of circulating lymphocytes. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for this observation?
- A. Apoptosis of infected lymphocytes
- B. Clonal expansion of memory T cells
- C. T cell anergy
- D. Upregulation of adhesion molecules on lymphocytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A patient with a severe viral infection exhibiting reduced levels of circulating lymphocytes is likely due to the apoptosis of infected lymphocytes. When a virus enters the body, it can infect and replicate within lymphocytes, subsequently triggering the immune system to induce apoptosis in infected cells to prevent further spread of the virus. This process is part of the body's defense mechanism to control the viral infection. As a result, the circulating lymphocyte levels may decrease as infected lymphocytes are targeted for apoptosis. This phenomenon helps to limit viral replication and spread within the body, thereby aiding in the immune response to eliminate the virus.
A nurse is preparing to assist with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize to maintain procedural asepsis?
- A. Wearing sterile gloves and a surgical mask during the procedure
- B. Cleansing the insertion site with alcohol-based antiseptic solution
- C. Using a sterile drape to cover the patient during the procedure
- D. Avoiding unnecessary movement or talking during the procedure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize cleansing the insertion site with an alcohol-based antiseptic solution to maintain procedural asepsis during a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion. Proper skin preparation is essential in reducing the risk of introducing pathogens into the patient's bloodstream during the insertion process. Alcohol-based antiseptic solutions are effective in reducing the number of microorganisms on the skin surface. Wearing sterile gloves and following other sterile techniques are also crucial, but preparing the insertion site with the antiseptic solution is the initial step in maintaining asepsis during the procedure.
A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute pancreatitis with severe abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's pancreatitis?
- A. Administer intravenous fluids to maintain adequate hydration.
- B. Perform an abdominal ultrasound to assess pancreatic morphology.
- C. Implement total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to meet nutritional needs.
- D. Recommend proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for gastric acid suppression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The priority intervention in managing acute pancreatitis is to administer intravenous fluids to maintain adequate hydration. Acute pancreatitis can lead to significant fluid loss and dehydration due to factors such as vomiting and third-spacing of fluids into the retroperitoneal space. Adequate hydration helps to optimize perfusion to the pancreas, prevent hypovolemic shock, and support overall organ function. This intervention also aids in flushing out inflammatory mediators and preventing complications such as acute kidney injury. Monitoring fluid status and adjusting the rate of intravenous fluid administration based on the patient's response is crucial in the management of acute pancreatitis. While other interventions such as imaging studies, nutritional support, and gastric acid suppression may be important in managing acute pancreatitis, ensuring adequate hydration is the most critical initial step.
A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage pancreatic cancer experiences severe abdominal pain. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to manage the patient's symptoms?
- A. Administer opioid analgesics to alleviate pain.
- B. Initiate enteral nutrition to support nutritional needs.
- C. Recommend hot compresses or heating pads for abdominal comfort.
- D. Refer the patient to a gastroenterologist for evaluation and treatment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with severe abdominal pain due to end-stage pancreatic cancer, the priority intervention to manage their symptoms would be to provide adequate pain relief. Opioid analgesics are the cornerstone of pain management for cancer patients experiencing severe pain. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, thereby reducing the perception of pain. Opioids are highly effective in managing cancer pain, including abdominal pain, and can significantly improve the patient's quality of life by providing relief from distressing symptoms. Therefore, administering opioid analgesics should be the nurse's primary intervention in this case to address the patient's severe abdominal pain. Initiating enteral nutrition, recommending hot compresses, or referring to a gastroenterologist may be relevant interventions depending on the patient's overall care plan but addressing the pain should be the immediate priority in this scenario.