Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers

Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers Related

Review Endocrinology Exam Questions and Answers related questions and content

Calcification of basal ganglia is seen in:

  • A. Primary hyperparathyroidism
  • B. Hypoparathyroidism
  • C. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
  • D. Milk-alkali syndrome
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands, leading to elevated levels of calcium in the blood. This excessive calcium can cause calcification in various tissues, including the basal ganglia of the brain. The calcification of the basal ganglia in primary hyperparathyroidism is a well-known radiological finding and can be visualized on imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI. Hypoparathyroidism, on the other hand, is characterized by low levels of PTH and results in decreased serum calcium levels, making it an unlikely cause of basal ganglia calcification. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with chronic kidney disease and is also characterized by high PTH levels, but basal ganglia calcification is not a typical manifestation of this condition. Milk-alkali syndrome is a disorder characterized by excessive intake of

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Which of the following is not a neuromuscular feature of thyrotoxicosis?

  • A. Myasthenic syndrome
  • B. Brisk knee jerk
  • C. Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis
  • D. Hyperkinesia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thyrotoxicosis typically presents with hypermetabolism and various neuromuscular manifestations. Myasthenic syndrome, which involves muscle weakness and fatigability, is not a common neuromuscular feature of thyrotoxicosis. Instead, manifestations such as brisk knee jerk reflexes, hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (due to shifts in potassium levels), and hyperkinesia (excessive movement) are more commonly observed in patients with thyrotoxicosis. Myasthenic syndrome is more commonly associated with autoimmune disorders affecting the neuromuscular junction, such as myasthenia gravis.

Which of the following statements best describes Cushing's syndrome?

  • A. Cushing's syndrome refers to a disease process caused by abnormally high levels of cortisol
  • B. Cushing's syndrome refers to a disease process caused by abnormally low levels of aldosterone
  • C. Cushing's syndrome refers to a disease process caused by abnormally high levels of aldosterone
  • D. Cushing's syndrome refers to a disease process caused by abnormally low levels of cortisol
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. When there is an overproduction of cortisol, either due to excessive production by the adrenal glands or prolonged use of corticosteroid medications, it can result in Cushing's syndrome. Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include weight gain, particularly in the face and abdomen, high blood pressure, muscle weakness, and irregularities in menstruation. It is important to diagnose and manage Cushing's syndrome to prevent potential complications such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease.

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

  • A. Thyroiditis
  • B. Toxic thyroid adenoma
  • C. Toxic multinodular goitre
  • D. Grave's disease
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Grave's disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones. This results in symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, and tremors. While toxic thyroid adenoma, toxic multinodular goitre, and thyroiditis are also potential causes of hyperthyroidism, Grave's disease is the most prevalent among them.

Which one of the following statements best describes an Addisonian crisis?

  • A. Severe adrenal insufficiency resulting in dangerously low serum testosterone levels
  • B. Dangerously high levels of testosterone
  • C. Dangerously high serum cortisol levels
  • D. Severe adrenal insufficiency resulting in dangerously low serum cortisol levels
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An Addisonian crisis, also known as an acute adrenal crisis, is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs due to severe adrenal insufficiency, leading to a sudden drop in cortisol levels. Cortisol is a vital hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and its deficiency can result in serious symptoms such as hypotension, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and shock. If left untreated, an Addisonian crisis can be fatal. Therefore, the correct description of an Addisonian crisis is severe adrenal insufficiency resulting in dangerously low serum cortisol levels.

Cushing's syndrome does not give rise to:

  • A. Hirsutism
  • B. Peripheral neuropathy
  • C. Purple striae
  • D. Acne
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is a disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol hormone. While Cushing's syndrome can manifest with a variety of symptoms, peripheral neuropathy is not a typical feature of this condition. Cushing's syndrome is commonly associated with symptoms such as hirsutism (excessive hair growth), purple striae (skin stretch marks that are purple in color), and acne due to the hormonal imbalances it creates. Peripheral neuropathy, which involves damage to the peripheral nerves leading to symptoms like numbness, tingling, and weakness in the extremities, is not a characteristic symptom of Cushing's syndrome.

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