Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract

Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract Related

Review Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract related questions and content

Care for which of these clients is most appropriate to assign to the LPN/LVN, under the supervision of an RN?

  • A. A client with oral cancer who is scheduled in the morning for glossectomy
  • B. An obese client returned from surgery following a vertical banded gastroplasty
  • C. A client with anorexia nervosa with muscle weakness and decreased urine output
  • D. A client with intractable nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the LPN/LVN can provide care for a client with intractable nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy under the supervision of an RN. The LPN/LVN can administer prescribed antiemetic medications, monitor the client's response, assess for dehydration, and provide comfort measures. This task falls within the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN and does not require the advanced assessment and intervention skills of an RN.

Choice A is incorrect because a client undergoing a glossectomy for oral cancer requires complex post-operative care that is beyond the scope of practice for an LPN/LVN.

Choice B is incorrect because post-operative care for an obese client following a vertical banded gastroplasty involves monitoring for complications such as leaks or infections, which require the expertise of an RN.

Choice C is incorrect because a client with anorexia nervosa with muscle weakness and decreased urine output may have underlying medical issues that require an RN's assessment and intervention skills

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The buildup of bile pigment in tissues that can be caused by gallstones is _____.

  • A. hyperbilirubinemia
  • B. obstructive jaundice
  • C. hepatitis
  • D. hepatocellular jaundice
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: obstructive jaundice. Gallstones can obstruct the bile duct, leading to the buildup of bile pigment in tissues, causing jaundice. This results in the characteristic yellowing of the skin and eyes. Hyperbilirubinemia (A) refers to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood, which can occur in various liver conditions. Hepatitis (C) is inflammation of the liver, which can also lead to jaundice but is not directly caused by gallstones. Hepatocellular jaundice (D) is due to liver cell damage, not bile duct obstruction.

If the submandibular salivary gland stops functioning:

  • A. The volume of salivary secretion will be reduced by 20%
  • B. There would be severe deficiency of
  • C. amylase
  • D. There would be no mucins in saliva
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the submandibular salivary gland is responsible for producing around 70-75% of total saliva, including amylase. If it stops functioning, there would be a severe deficiency of amylase, leading to impaired digestion of starches. Choice A is incorrect because the reduction in salivary secretion would be more significant than 20%. Choice D is incorrect as mucins are produced by other salivary glands and not solely by the submandibular gland.

Which of the following tests is contraindicated for pregnant women?

  • A. Barium enema
  • B. Barium swallow
  • C. Radionuclide imaging
  • D. Gallbladder series test
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Radionuclide imaging. This test involves exposing the patient to radiation, which can be harmful to the developing fetus. Pregnant women should avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation to prevent potential harm to the baby.

A: Barium enema and B: Barium swallow involve the use of contrast material that is generally considered safe during pregnancy as it does not expose the fetus to radiation.

D: Gallbladder series test, such as ultrasound or MRI, are also safe for pregnant women as they do not involve radiation exposure.

Which of the following is not a component of saliva?

  • A. Water
  • B. Amylase
  • C. Mucus
  • D. Hydrochloric acid
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hydrochloric acid. Saliva is composed mainly of water, amylase (an enzyme that breaks down starch), and mucus. Hydrochloric acid is not a component of saliva; instead, it is a component of gastric juice produced in the stomach. It plays a role in the digestion of food in the stomach by lowering the pH level. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer as it does not belong to the components of saliva. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are all components found in saliva.

The breakdown of glycogen in which organ/tissue is required for the maintenance of blood glucose?

  • A. skeletal muscle
  • B. pancreas
  • C. liver
  • D. adipose tissue
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: liver. The breakdown of glycogen in the liver is crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels through a process called glycogenolysis. The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream to prevent hypoglycemia and provide energy to the body. Skeletal muscle (A) stores glycogen for its own energy needs, not for blood glucose maintenance. The pancreas (B) regulates blood glucose through insulin and glucagon secretion but does not directly breakdown glycogen. Adipose tissue (D) stores fat and does not play a significant role in glycogen breakdown for blood glucose maintenance.

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