Nokea
Cause of genital warts is:
- A. Human papillomavirus
- B. Human immunodeficiency virus
- C. Herpes simplex virus 2
- D. Human cytomegalovirus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Human papillomavirus. Genital warts are caused by certain strains of HPV, specifically types 6 and 11. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that affects the skin and mucous membranes. HPV is directly linked to the development of genital warts through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Herpes simplex virus 2 causes genital herpes, not genital warts. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) weakens the immune system but does not directly cause genital warts. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not a common cause of genital warts. Therefore, HPV is the correct and most logical choice for the cause of genital warts.
You may also like to solve these questions
What type of bacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis?
- A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- B. Escherichia coli
- C. Clostridium botulinum
- D. Salmonella enterica
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium is responsible for causing tuberculosis, as it has unique characteristics that allow it to infect the lungs and evade the immune system, leading to a chronic infection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing, acid-fast bacterium that can survive and replicate within macrophages, causing the characteristic granulomas seen in tuberculosis.
Choice B, Escherichia coli, is a common gut bacterium and is not responsible for tuberculosis. Choice C, Clostridium botulinum, causes botulism, not tuberculosis. Choice D, Salmonella enterica, causes food poisoning, not tuberculosis.
The role of pili in bacteria is:
- A. protection from desiccation
- B. motility
- C. adhesion to surfaces and conjugation
- D. spore formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: adhesion to surfaces and conjugation. Pili are hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria that help them adhere to surfaces and facilitate the transfer of genetic material during conjugation. This is essential for bacterial survival and reproduction. Choice A is incorrect because protection from desiccation is typically associated with other structures like capsules. Choice B is incorrect as motility in bacteria is usually facilitated by flagella. Choice D is incorrect as spore formation involves the formation of specialized structures, not pili.
A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable?
- A. Actinomycosis
- B. Aspergillosis
- C. Candidosis
- D. Sporotrichosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sporotrichosis. Sporotrichosis is caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, which commonly presents as a subcutaneous infection. In the given case, the presence of a small abscess with yellowish-green pus containing white granules is indicative of sporotrichosis. The histological examination showing drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, and macrophages further supports the diagnosis of sporotrichosis.
Choice A: Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, not a fungal infection.
Choice B: Aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus species and typically presents as a pulmonary infection, not a subcutaneous abscess as described in the case.
Choice C: Candidosis is caused by Candida species and usually presents as mucocutaneous infections, not a subcutaneous abscess with the
Group II category diseases as established by the NIAID include:
- A. new foodborne pathogens
- B. diseases considered eradicated
- C. diseases used specifically as bioterrorism agents
- D. reemerging diseases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: reemerging diseases. Group II category diseases by the NIAID are those that have reemerged or have the potential to reemerge. This classification helps prioritize research and resources. Choice A is incorrect because new foodborne pathogens fall under different categories. Choice B is incorrect as eradicated diseases are not part of the reemerging group. Choice C is incorrect because bioterrorism agents are classified separately. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the purpose of Group II category diseases.
Which structure in bacteria allows them to exchange genetic material during conjugation?
- A. Pili
- B. Flagella
- C. Capsule
- D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pili in bacteria are responsible for conjugation, allowing the transfer of genetic material between cells. They form a bridge between donor and recipient cells, facilitating the exchange of DNA. Flagella are for movement, capsules for protection, and ribosomes for protein synthesis. Pili is the only structure directly involved in genetic material exchange.