Nokea
Cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve lie
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Midbrain
- C. Floor of the third ventricle
- D. Pons
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The motor nucleus of the facial nerve is located in the pons. It controls muscles of facial expression, such as the orbicularis oculi and buccinator.
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Certain metabolic diseases can affect the nervous system. For instance, people with diabetes can develop a nervous system problem called diabetic neuropathy. What are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?
- A. Constipation or diarrhea
- B. Rapid heart beat
- C. Pain in feet
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy can cause a wide range of symptoms, including gastrointestinal issues like constipation or diarrhea, cardiovascular symptoms like rapid heart rate, and sensory symptoms like pain in the feet. This condition results from nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels. Recognizing these symptoms is essential for managing diabetes-related complications.
Which type of drug would be an antidote to atropine poisoning?
- A. nicotinic agonist
- B. anticholinergic
- C. muscarinic agonist
- D. α-blocker
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: muscarinic agonist. Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors. Therefore, the antidote for atropine poisoning would be a muscarinic agonist, which competes with atropine for binding to muscarinic receptors and reverses its effects. Nicotinic agonist (A) would not be effective as atropine acts on muscarinic receptors, not nicotinic receptors. Anticholinergic (B) is the same class as atropine, so it would not counteract its effects. α-blocker (D) works on a different receptor system and would not be effective in treating atropine poisoning.
Which of the following is a traumatic brain injury:
- A. cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. aphasia
- D. cerebral edema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cerebral edema, or swelling of the brain, is a traumatic brain injury resulting from physical trauma. Cerebrovascular accidents, Alzheimer's disease, aphasia, and Parkinson's disease are not traumatic injuries. Therefore, D is the correct answer.
What is a normal finding when assessing a patient's deep tendon reflexes?
- A. An involuntary contraction of the muscle being tested.
- B. Absence of any reflexive response.
- C. Decreased or diminished reflexes.
- D. Hyperactive reflexes with clonus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal deep tendon reflexes involve an involuntary muscle contraction in response to stimulation. Absence, diminished reflexes, or hyperactive reflexes with clonus are abnormal findings.
Which of the following is a branch of the mandibular nerve
- A. Infraorbital nerve
- B. External nasal nerve
- C. Zygomaticofacial nerve
- D. Auricolotemporal nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of the mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve. It supplies sensation to the temple and external ear.