Nokea
Chemical digestion of protein begins in the:
- A. mouth
- B. stomach
- C. small intestine
- D. large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stomach. Chemical digestion of protein begins in the stomach where the enzyme pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides. The stomach's acidic environment activates pepsinogen to pepsin. In contrast, the mouth primarily performs mechanical digestion through chewing, and the small intestine is where further breakdown and absorption of nutrients occur. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, with minimal involvement in protein digestion.
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A nurse is providing care for a client who had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action?
- A. Place the client in a supine position postoperatively.
- B. Encourage ambulation once fully awake.
- C. Offer the client ice cream postoperatively.
- D. Instruct the client not to lift over 4.5 kg (10 lb).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Instruct the client not to lift over 4.5 kg (10 lb).
Rationale:
1. Lifting restrictions are crucial post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy to prevent strain on the surgical site.
2. Lifting heavy objects can lead to complications such as incisional hernias or wound dehiscence.
3. Following lifting restrictions aids in the proper healing of the surgical incisions.
4. Placing the client in a supine position (A) may be uncomfortable due to gas used during surgery. Ambulation (B) is important but not the priority immediately post-op. Offering ice cream (C) is not relevant to postoperative care.
When a patient returns to the clinical unit after an abdominal-perineal resection (APR), what should the nurse expect?
- A. An abdominal dressing
- B. An abdominal wound and drains
- C. A temporary colostomy and drains
- D. A perineal wound, drains, and a stoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After an APR, the patient will typically have a perineal wound, drains, and a colostomy (stoma).
The exocrine pancreas secretes the following enzymes except:
- A. Chymotrypsinogen
- B. Prolestase
- C. Lactase
- D. Alph
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactase. Lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine, not in the pancreas. The exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes like chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, and lipase to aid in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, and is produced in the small intestine. Therefore, C is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, and alph are all enzymes produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.
Which of these statements about bile is true?
- A. About 500 mL is secreted daily.
- B. Its main function is the denaturation of proteins.
- C. It is synthesized in the gallbladder.
- D. Bile salts are recycled.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Bile is produced in the liver, not the gallbladder. Step 2: Bile salts aid in digestion by emulsifying fats. Step 3: Bile salts are recycled in the enterohepatic circulation. Step 4: This recycling process conserves bile salts. Step 5: Choice D is correct as it accurately states that bile salts are recycled, supporting efficient digestion and absorption.
Na+ and other carrier ions facilitate absorption of
- A. amino acids and fructose
- B. fatty acids and glycerol
- C. fatty acids and glucose
- D. amino acids and glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na+ facilitates the absorption of glucose and amino acids through sodium-dependent transporters in the intestinal cells. Glucose and amino acids are transported into the cells along with Na+ ions, making option D the correct choice. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Na+ does not facilitate the absorption of fructose, fatty acids, or glycerol through specific transport mechanisms.