Nokea
Bacteria and other foreign material absorbed by the small intestine are destroyed by ______ cells found lining the hepatic sinusoids.
- A. Kupffer
- B. hepatic
- C. endothelial
- D. acinar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages found in the liver that play a crucial role in immune defense. They are responsible for destroying bacteria and foreign material absorbed by the small intestine as they pass through the hepatic sinusoids. Kupffer cells phagocytize these pathogens, preventing their entry into the bloodstream. The other choices, B: hepatic, C: endothelial, and D: acinar, do not have the specific function of destroying bacteria in the hepatic sinusoids. Hepatic cells are liver cells, endothelial cells line blood vessels, and acinar cells are found in exocrine glands.
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Concerning mass peristalsis, all are correct Except:
- A. Occurs in the small intestine.
- B. is a very slow movement.
- C. Helps movement of fecal matter in large intestine.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Mass peristalsis refers to the coordinated contraction of the smooth muscle in the colon that helps move fecal matter towards the rectum. This process specifically occurs in the large intestine, not the small intestine. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because mass peristalsis is actually a rapid and powerful movement, not slow. Choice C is correct as it accurately describes the role of mass peristalsis in facilitating the movement of fecal matter in the large intestine. Choice D is incorrect because choice A is incorrect.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to a client who is asymptomatic of colonic cancer, but whose stool test results are positive for blood?
- A. Add fiber to the diet
- B. Undergo a colonoscopy
- C. Use warm soaks
- D. Use a stool softener
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A positive fecal occult blood test may indicate colorectal cancer, and a colonoscopy is required for further investigation and diagnosis.
Which of these statements about bile is true?
- A. About 500 mL is secreted daily.
- B. Its main function is the denaturation of proteins.
- C. It is synthesized in the gallbladder.
- D. Bile salts are recycled.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Bile is produced in the liver, not the gallbladder. Step 2: Bile salts aid in digestion by emulsifying fats. Step 3: Bile salts are recycled in the enterohepatic circulation. Step 4: This recycling process conserves bile salts. Step 5: Choice D is correct as it accurately states that bile salts are recycled, supporting efficient digestion and absorption.
The exocrine pancreas secretes the following enzymes except:
- A. Chymotrypsinogen
- B. Prolestase
- C. Lactase
- D. Alph
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactase. Lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine, not in the pancreas. The exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes like chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, and lipase to aid in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, and is produced in the small intestine. Therefore, C is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, and alph are all enzymes produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.
You have the following symptoms: sudden abdominal pain, slight fever, loss of appetite, and nausea. You may have
- A. appendicitis.
- B. heartburn.
- C. diarrhea.
- D. hemorrhoids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: appendicitis. Sudden abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, and nausea are classic symptoms of appendicitis. The pain often starts near the belly button and migrates to the lower right abdomen, where the appendix is located. Appendicitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention to prevent complications like a burst appendix. Heartburn (B) typically presents with a burning sensation in the chest, and diarrhea (C) presents with loose, watery stools. Hemorrhoids (D) are swollen blood vessels in the rectum that cause discomfort but do not typically present with the symptoms described.