You are taking an initial history for a client seeking surgical treatment for obesity. Which of the following should be called to the attention of the surgeon before proceeding with additional history or physical assessment?
- A. Obesity for approximately 5 years
- B. History of counseling for body dysmorphic disorder
- C. Failure to reduce weight with other forms of therapy
- D. Body weight 100% above the ideal for age, gender, and height
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A history of body dysmorphic disorder is concerning because it may indicate unrealistic expectations or psychological concerns that need further evaluation before surgery.
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Na+ and other carrier ions facilitate absorption of
- A. amino acids and fructose
- B. fatty acids and glycerol
- C. fatty acids and glucose
- D. amino acids and glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na+ facilitates the absorption of glucose and amino acids through sodium-dependent transporters in the intestinal cells. Glucose and amino acids are transported into the cells along with Na+ ions, making option D the correct choice. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Na+ does not facilitate the absorption of fructose, fatty acids, or glycerol through specific transport mechanisms.
Serologic findings in viral hepatitis include both the presence of viral antigens and antibodies produced in response to the viruses. What laboratory result indicates that the nurse is immune to HBV after vaccination?
- A. Anti-HBcIgG
- B. Surface antigen HBsAg
- C. Surface antibody Anti-HBs
- D. Core antigen Anti-HBcIgM
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of anti-HBs (surface antibody) indicates immunity to Hepatitis B following vaccination.
What is the function of bile in digestion?
- A. Emulsify fats
- B. Break down proteins
- C. Break down carbohydrates
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emulsify fats. Bile emulsifies fats by breaking them down into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on, aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats. Choices B and C are incorrect as bile specifically targets fats, not proteins or carbohydrates. Choice D is incorrect as bile plays a crucial role in fat digestion.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following signs indicates that the patient is developing a complication from the chemotherapy?
- A. Mild nausea
- B. White blood cell count of 3,000 cells/mm3
- C. Reddened areas on the skin
- D. Small amount of urine output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: White blood cell count of 3,000 cells/mm3. A low white blood cell count is a common side effect of chemotherapy, putting the patient at risk for infections. Monitoring WBC count is crucial to detect complications early.
A: Mild nausea is a common side effect of chemotherapy but does not necessarily indicate a complication.
C: Reddened areas on the skin could be due to various reasons and are not specific to chemotherapy complications.
D: Small amount of urine output could be a concern, but it is not a common sign of chemotherapy complications.
The exocrine pancreas secretes the following enzymes except:
- A. Chymotrypsinogen
- B. Prolestase
- C. Lactase
- D. Alph
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lactase. Lactase is an enzyme produced in the small intestine, not in the pancreas. The exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes like chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, and lipase to aid in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, and is produced in the small intestine. Therefore, C is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because chymotrypsinogen, proelastase, and alph are all enzymes produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.