Nokea
Which method is preferred for immediate treatment of an acute episode of constipation?
- A. An enema
- B. Stool softeners
- C. Increased fluid
- D. Bulk-forming medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An enema is often the preferred immediate treatment for acute constipation to relieve discomfort and promote bowel evacuation.
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What may occur with failure of the sodium-potassium pump during severe protein depletion?
- A. Ascites
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Anemia
- D. Hypoalbuminemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failure of the sodium-potassium pump can lead to an imbalance of electrolytes including hyperkalemia.
What must the nurse do to care for a T-tube in a patient following a cholecystectomy?
- A. Keep the tube supported and free of kinks.
- B. Attach the tube to low, continuous suction.
- C. Clamp the tube when ambulating the patient.
- D. Irrigate the tube with 10-mL sterile saline every 2 to 4 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should ensure the T-tube is supported and free from kinks to facilitate bile drainage and prevent complications.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following signs indicates that the patient is developing a complication from the chemotherapy?
- A. Mild nausea
- B. White blood cell count of 3,000 cells/mm3
- C. Reddened areas on the skin
- D. Small amount of urine output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: White blood cell count of 3,000 cells/mm3. A low white blood cell count is a common side effect of chemotherapy, putting the patient at risk for infections. Monitoring WBC count is crucial to detect complications early.
A: Mild nausea is a common side effect of chemotherapy but does not necessarily indicate a complication.
C: Reddened areas on the skin could be due to various reasons and are not specific to chemotherapy complications.
D: Small amount of urine output could be a concern, but it is not a common sign of chemotherapy complications.
Bacteria and other foreign material absorbed by the small intestine are destroyed by ______ cells found lining the hepatic sinusoids.
- A. Kupffer
- B. hepatic
- C. endothelial
- D. acinar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages found in the liver that play a crucial role in immune defense. They are responsible for destroying bacteria and foreign material absorbed by the small intestine as they pass through the hepatic sinusoids. Kupffer cells phagocytize these pathogens, preventing their entry into the bloodstream. The other choices, B: hepatic, C: endothelial, and D: acinar, do not have the specific function of destroying bacteria in the hepatic sinusoids. Hepatic cells are liver cells, endothelial cells line blood vessels, and acinar cells are found in exocrine glands.
Priority Decision: During care of the severely obese patient
- A. what is most important for the nurse to do?
- B. Avoid reference to the patient's weight to avoid embarrassing the patient.
- C. Emphasize to the patient how important it is to lose weight to maintain health.
- D. Plan for necessary modifications in equipment and nursing techniques before initiating care.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Planning for necessary equipment modifications is crucial to safely care for obese patients, ensuring comfort and effectiveness in care.