Nokea
A client is visited by the dietitian following a colostomy procedure. Which of the following is the primary nutrition concern for this type of client?
- A. Fiber.
- B. Small frequent meals.
- C. Chewing food thoroughly.
- D. Fluids and electrolytes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial for colostomy clients, as water absorption is affected.
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Which of the following is correct regarding the cells of the gastric pit?
- A. Mucous cells are enteroendocrine
- B. G cells are exocrine
- C. D cells secrete histamine
- D. G cells secrete histamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because G cells in the gastric pit secrete gastrin, not histamine. Gastrin stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Mucous cells are not enteroendocrine, so A is incorrect. G cells are not exocrine, making B incorrect. D cells secrete somatostatin, not histamine, so C is also incorrect.
Fatty acids and glycerol are released when _____ are broken down by liver or muscle cells.
- A. micelles
- B. chylomicrons
- C. lacteals
- D. lipoproteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that transport dietary lipids (including fatty acids and glycerol) from the small intestine to the liver or muscle cells for metabolism. When chylomicrons reach the liver or muscles, lipoprotein lipase breaks them down, releasing fatty acids and glycerol for energy production or storage.
Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Micelles are small lipid droplets formed in the small intestine to aid in lipid digestion and absorption, but they do not release fatty acids and glycerol when broken down.
C: Lacteals are lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb dietary fats, but they do not release fatty acids and glycerol.
D: Lipoproteins are involved in transporting lipids in the bloodstream but do not release fatty acids and glycerol when broken down.
When a patient returns to the clinical unit after an abdominal-perineal resection (APR), what should the nurse expect?
- A. An abdominal dressing
- B. An abdominal wound and drains
- C. A temporary colostomy and drains
- D. A perineal wound, drains, and a stoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After an APR, the patient will typically have a perineal wound, drains, and a colostomy (stoma).
Serologic findings in viral hepatitis include both the presence of viral antigens and antibodies produced in response to the viruses. What laboratory result indicates that the nurse is immune to HBV after vaccination?
- A. Anti-HBcIgG
- B. Surface antigen HBsAg
- C. Surface antibody Anti-HBs
- D. Core antigen Anti-HBcIgM
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of anti-HBs (surface antibody) indicates immunity to Hepatitis B following vaccination.
The term gastrointestinal (GI) tract refers to the
- A. oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- B. pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- C. esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- D. stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The GI tract starts from the oral cavity where digestion begins.
Step 2: It then moves to the pharynx, esophagus for food transport.
Step 3: Next, the food enters the stomach for further digestion.
Step 4: The small intestine is where most digestion and absorption occur.
Step 5: Lastly, the large intestine absorbs water and prepares waste for elimination.
Step 6: Thus, answer A includes all the structures involved in the entire digestive process, making it the correct choice.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect as it omits the oral cavity. Choice C excludes the pharynx. Choice D is incorrect as it misses the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus.