Gastrointestinal System Nursing Exam Questions

Gastrointestinal System Nursing Exam Questions Related

Review Gastrointestinal System Nursing Exam Questions related questions and content

Which single statement below, about the stomach, is actually correct?

  • A. Acid secretion occurs in response to secretion of the hormone, carbonic anhydrase
  • B. Glands called Peyer's patches are responsible for acid secretion
  • C. The vagus nerve inhibits acid secretion after a meal has been consumed
  • D. Pepsinogen and gastric lipase are two enzymes secreted into the lumen of the stomach
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because pepsinogen and gastric lipase are indeed two enzymes secreted into the lumen of the stomach. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins, while gastric lipase helps in the digestion of fats.

A is incorrect because carbonic anhydrase is not a hormone but an enzyme involved in acid secretion.
B is incorrect because Peyer's patches are actually found in the small intestine, not the stomach, and they are involved in the immune system.
C is incorrect because the vagus nerve stimulates, rather than inhibits, acid secretion in response to a meal.

In summary, D is correct as it accurately describes enzymes secreted in the stomach, while the other choices contain factual inaccuracies about stomach function.

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What may occur with failure of the sodium-potassium pump during severe protein depletion?

  • A. Ascites
  • B. Hyperkalemia
  • C. Anemia
  • D. Hypoalbuminemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failure of the sodium-potassium pump can lead to an imbalance of electrolytes including hyperkalemia.

Regarding deglutition (swallowing):

  • A. Pharyngeal phase is voluntary.
  • B. Is controlled by a center in the medulla oblongata.
  • C. Readily occurs with an open mouth.
  • D. Buccal phase is accompanied by apnea.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because swallowing is controlled by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata. This center coordinates the complex sequence of muscle contractions involved in swallowing, ensuring food moves from the mouth to the esophagus without entering the airway. The pharyngeal phase is actually involuntary, not voluntary (Choice A). Swallowing usually occurs with a closed mouth, not an open one (Choice C). Additionally, the buccal phase is not accompanied by apnea; breathing typically continues during this phase (Choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is B due to the central control of swallowing in the medulla oblongata.

A client is visited by the dietitian following a colostomy procedure. Which of the following is the primary nutrition concern for this type of client?

  • A. Fiber.
  • B. Small frequent meals.
  • C. Chewing food thoroughly.
  • D. Fluids and electrolytes.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial for colostomy clients, as water absorption is affected.

Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to a client who is asymptomatic of colonic cancer, but whose stool test results are positive for blood?

  • A. Add fiber to the diet
  • B. Undergo a colonoscopy
  • C. Use warm soaks
  • D. Use a stool softener
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A positive fecal occult blood test may indicate colorectal cancer, and a colonoscopy is required for further investigation and diagnosis.

What is the function of bile in digestion?

  • A. Emulsify fats
  • B. Break down proteins
  • C. Break down carbohydrates
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emulsify fats. Bile emulsifies fats by breaking them down into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on, aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats. Choices B and C are incorrect as bile specifically targets fats, not proteins or carbohydrates. Choice D is incorrect as bile plays a crucial role in fat digestion.

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