Nokea
The important enzymes present in Pancreatic juice are :
- A. Trypsin, Amylopsin, Steapsin
- B. Pepsin, Rennin, Gastric Lipase
- C. Erepsin, Invertase, Lipase
- D. Ptyalin, Maltase, Lactase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because pancreatic juice contains Trypsin for protein digestion, Amylopsin for carbohydrate digestion, and Steapsin for fat digestion. Trypsin breaks down proteins into peptides, Amylopsin breaks down carbohydrates into sugars, and Steapsin breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Pepsin, Rennin, and Gastric Lipase (option B) are enzymes found in the stomach, while Erepsin, Invertase, and Lipase (option C) are enzymes found in the small intestine. Ptyalin, Maltase, and Lactase (option D) are enzymes involved in digestion but are not found in pancreatic juice.
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What must the nurse do to care for a T-tube in a patient following a cholecystectomy?
- A. Keep the tube supported and free of kinks.
- B. Attach the tube to low, continuous suction.
- C. Clamp the tube when ambulating the patient.
- D. Irrigate the tube with 10-mL sterile saline every 2 to 4 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should ensure the T-tube is supported and free from kinks to facilitate bile drainage and prevent complications.
Nursing management of the patient with chronic gastritis includes teaching the patient to
- A. take antacids before meals to decrease stomach acidity.
- B. maintain a nonirritating diet with six small meals a day.
- C. eliminate alcohol and caffeine from the diet when symptoms occur.
- D. use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) instead of aspirin for minor pain relief.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nonirritating diet with six small meals a day can help reduce the symptoms of chronic gastritis.
The salivary gland which is mixed but produces more serous than mucous secretions and whose duct opens inferiorly in the floor of the oral cavity next to the frenulum of the tongue is the ______ salivary gland.
- A. submandibular
- B. sublingual
- C. palatine
- D. parotid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: submandibular gland. This gland is mixed but predominantly serous, with a duct opening in the oral cavity floor near the frenulum of the tongue. The sublingual gland (B) is primarily mucous, not mixed. Palatine glands (C) are located in the roof of the mouth and are minor salivary glands. The parotid gland (D) is serous but opens into the oral cavity through the parotid duct, not near the frenulum.
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of many of the secretory cells of the gastric (stomach) mucosa?
- A. norepinephrine
- B. dopamine
- C. acetylcholine
- D. insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is involved in regulating secretory cells in the gastric mucosa by stimulating the release of gastric acid and enzymes. Norepinephrine and dopamine are not directly involved in gastric secretions. Insulin is a hormone involved in glucose metabolism, not gastric regulation. Acetylcholine's role in stimulating gastric secretions makes it the correct choice.
Which of these statements about bile is true?
- A. About 500 mL is secreted daily.
- B. Its main function is the denaturation of proteins.
- C. It is synthesized in the gallbladder.
- D. Bile salts are recycled.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Bile is produced in the liver, not the gallbladder. Step 2: Bile salts aid in digestion by emulsifying fats. Step 3: Bile salts are recycled in the enterohepatic circulation. Step 4: This recycling process conserves bile salts. Step 5: Choice D is correct as it accurately states that bile salts are recycled, supporting efficient digestion and absorption.