Gastrointestinal System Nursing Exam Questions

Gastrointestinal System Nursing Exam Questions Related

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Which information will the nurse provide for a patient with newly diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

  • A. Peppermint tea may reduce your symptoms.
  • B. Keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks.
  • C. You should avoid eating between meals to reduce acid secretion.
  • D. Vigorous physical activities may increase the incidence of reflux.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks. Elevating the head of the bed can help prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep, reducing nighttime symptoms of GERD. This position helps gravity keep the acid in the stomach.

A: Peppermint tea may actually worsen GERD symptoms as it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing acid to reflux back into the esophagus.
C: Avoiding eating between meals will not reduce acid secretion and may even lead to larger meals, which can trigger reflux symptoms.
D: Vigorous physical activities can worsen GERD symptoms by increasing intra-abdominal pressure, pushing stomach contents back up into the esophagus.

In summary, the correct answer is B because it directly addresses a practical measure to alleviate GERD symptoms during sleep, while the other choices do not effectively manage the condition.

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The nurse is obtaining a history of a patient with hepatitis Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?

  • A. "If using drugs, do you share needles?"
  • B. "Do you always practice safe sex?"
  • C. "You traveled to Canada in the last month?"
  • D. "Do you eat shellfish often?"
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hepatitis can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, including shellfish. Asking about shellfish consumption helps assess the risk of exposure to hepatitis. Choice A is more relevant for HIV transmission. Choice B focuses on STDs. Choice C is not directly related to hepatitis transmission.

Concerning mass peristalsis, all are correct Except:

  • A. Occurs in the small intestine.
  • B. is a very slow movement.
  • C. Helps movement of fecal matter in large intestine.
  • D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Mass peristalsis refers to the coordinated contraction of the smooth muscle in the colon that helps move fecal matter towards the rectum. This process specifically occurs in the large intestine, not the small intestine. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because mass peristalsis is actually a rapid and powerful movement, not slow. Choice C is correct as it accurately describes the role of mass peristalsis in facilitating the movement of fecal matter in the large intestine. Choice D is incorrect because choice A is incorrect.

Na+ and other carrier ions facilitate absorption of

  • A. amino acids and fructose
  • B. fatty acids and glycerol
  • C. fatty acids and glucose
  • D. amino acids and glucose
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Na+ facilitates the absorption of glucose and amino acids through sodium-dependent transporters in the intestinal cells. Glucose and amino acids are transported into the cells along with Na+ ions, making option D the correct choice. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Na+ does not facilitate the absorption of fructose, fatty acids, or glycerol through specific transport mechanisms.

A client is visited by the dietitian following a colostomy procedure. Which of the following is the primary nutrition concern for this type of client?

  • A. Fiber.
  • B. Small frequent meals.
  • C. Chewing food thoroughly.
  • D. Fluids and electrolytes.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial for colostomy clients, as water absorption is affected.

Regarding deglutition (swallowing):

  • A. Pharyngeal phase is voluntary.
  • B. Is controlled by a center in the medulla oblongata.
  • C. Readily occurs with an open mouth.
  • D. Buccal phase is accompanied by apnea.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because swallowing is controlled by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata. This center coordinates the complex sequence of muscle contractions involved in swallowing, ensuring food moves from the mouth to the esophagus without entering the airway. The pharyngeal phase is actually involuntary, not voluntary (Choice A). Swallowing usually occurs with a closed mouth, not an open one (Choice C). Additionally, the buccal phase is not accompanied by apnea; breathing typically continues during this phase (Choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is B due to the central control of swallowing in the medulla oblongata.

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