Nokea
Where does the absorption of most nutrients take place?
- A. stomach
- B. small intestine
- C. large intestine
- D. rectum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: small intestine. The absorption of most nutrients occurs in the small intestine due to its large surface area, which is facilitated by villi and microvilli. Digestive enzymes and bile produced by the liver and pancreas help break down food into absorbable nutrients. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream for distribution to the body. The stomach primarily functions in digestion, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts and the rectum stores waste before elimination.
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You are taking an initial history for a client seeking surgical treatment for obesity. Which of the following should be called to the attention of the surgeon before proceeding with additional history or physical assessment?
- A. Obesity for approximately 5 years
- B. History of counseling for body dysmorphic disorder
- C. Failure to reduce weight with other forms of therapy
- D. Body weight 100% above the ideal for age, gender, and height
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A history of body dysmorphic disorder is concerning because it may indicate unrealistic expectations or psychological concerns that need further evaluation before surgery.
What must the nurse do to care for a T-tube in a patient following a cholecystectomy?
- A. Keep the tube supported and free of kinks.
- B. Attach the tube to low, continuous suction.
- C. Clamp the tube when ambulating the patient.
- D. Irrigate the tube with 10-mL sterile saline every 2 to 4 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should ensure the T-tube is supported and free from kinks to facilitate bile drainage and prevent complications.
Accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called
- A. peritonitis.
- B. a hiatal hernia.
- C. an inguinal hernia.
- D. ascites.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ascites. Ascites is the accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This condition can be caused by liver disease, heart failure, kidney disease, or certain cancers. Peritonitis (A) is inflammation of the peritoneum, not fluid accumulation. Hiatal hernia (B) is a condition where the stomach bulges through the diaphragm. Inguinal hernia (C) is the protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal. Hence, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of excess fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity.
What is the function of bile in digestion?
- A. Emulsify fats
- B. Break down proteins
- C. Break down carbohydrates
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emulsify fats. Bile emulsifies fats by breaking them down into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on, aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats. Choices B and C are incorrect as bile specifically targets fats, not proteins or carbohydrates. Choice D is incorrect as bile plays a crucial role in fat digestion.
A nurse is providing care for a client who had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing action?
- A. Place the client in a supine position postoperatively.
- B. Encourage ambulation once fully awake.
- C. Offer the client ice cream postoperatively.
- D. Instruct the client not to lift over 4.5 kg (10 lb).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Instruct the client not to lift over 4.5 kg (10 lb).
Rationale:
1. Lifting restrictions are crucial post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy to prevent strain on the surgical site.
2. Lifting heavy objects can lead to complications such as incisional hernias or wound dehiscence.
3. Following lifting restrictions aids in the proper healing of the surgical incisions.
4. Placing the client in a supine position (A) may be uncomfortable due to gas used during surgery. Ambulation (B) is important but not the priority immediately post-op. Offering ice cream (C) is not relevant to postoperative care.