Nokea
Which of the following is correct regarding the cells of the gastric pit?
- A. Mucous cells are enteroendocrine
- B. G cells are exocrine
- C. D cells secrete histamine
- D. G cells secrete histamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because G cells in the gastric pit secrete gastrin, not histamine. Gastrin stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Mucous cells are not enteroendocrine, so A is incorrect. G cells are not exocrine, making B incorrect. D cells secrete somatostatin, not histamine, so C is also incorrect.
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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new colostomy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You can expect fecal output within 24 hours.'
- B. You will need to increase your dietary intake of raw vegetables.'
- C. You can expect the stoma to be purplish in color for the first week.'
- D. You may experience a small amount of bleeding around the stoma.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it is important for the nurse to educate the client that fecal output should be expected within 24 hours after colostomy surgery. This information is crucial for the client to understand the functioning of the colostomy and to monitor for any potential issues.
Choice B is incorrect because increasing dietary intake of raw vegetables may not be suitable for all colostomy patients and can potentially lead to digestive issues.
Choice C is incorrect because a purplish color of the stoma is not a normal finding and could indicate inadequate blood supply or other complications that should be promptly addressed by a healthcare provider.
Choice D is incorrect because experiencing bleeding around the stoma is abnormal and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately for further evaluation.
Which single statement below, about the stomach, is actually correct?
- A. Acid secretion occurs in response to secretion of the hormone, carbonic anhydrase
- B. Glands called Peyer's patches are responsible for acid secretion
- C. The vagus nerve inhibits acid secretion after a meal has been consumed
- D. Pepsinogen and gastric lipase are two enzymes secreted into the lumen of the stomach
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pepsinogen and gastric lipase are indeed two enzymes secreted into the lumen of the stomach. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins, while gastric lipase helps in the digestion of fats.
A is incorrect because carbonic anhydrase is not a hormone but an enzyme involved in acid secretion.
B is incorrect because Peyer's patches are actually found in the small intestine, not the stomach, and they are involved in the immune system.
C is incorrect because the vagus nerve stimulates, rather than inhibits, acid secretion in response to a meal.
In summary, D is correct as it accurately describes enzymes secreted in the stomach, while the other choices contain factual inaccuracies about stomach function.
Accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity is called
- A. peritonitis.
- B. a hiatal hernia.
- C. an inguinal hernia.
- D. ascites.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ascites. Ascites is the accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This condition can be caused by liver disease, heart failure, kidney disease, or certain cancers. Peritonitis (A) is inflammation of the peritoneum, not fluid accumulation. Hiatal hernia (B) is a condition where the stomach bulges through the diaphragm. Inguinal hernia (C) is the protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal. Hence, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of excess fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity.
When a patient returns to the clinical unit after an abdominal-perineal resection (APR), what should the nurse expect?
- A. An abdominal dressing
- B. An abdominal wound and drains
- C. A temporary colostomy and drains
- D. A perineal wound, drains, and a stoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After an APR, the patient will typically have a perineal wound, drains, and a colostomy (stoma).
The carcinoid syndrome is likely to occur with carcinoid tumors:
- A. of the appendix
- B. localized to the ileum
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because carcinoid syndrome can occur with carcinoid tumors of the appendix and ileum. Carcinoid tumors of the appendix can lead to carcinoid syndrome due to the release of serotonin and other vasoactive substances. Similarly, carcinoid tumors localized to the ileum can also produce these substances, leading to the development of carcinoid syndrome. Choices A and B alone are not comprehensive enough as both sites can give rise to carcinoid syndrome. Choice D is incorrect as carcinoid syndrome can indeed occur with tumors from both sites.