Nokea
The salivary gland which is mixed but produces more serous than mucous secretions and whose duct opens inferiorly in the floor of the oral cavity next to the frenulum of the tongue is the ______ salivary gland.
- A. submandibular
- B. sublingual
- C. palatine
- D. parotid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: submandibular gland. This gland is mixed but predominantly serous, with a duct opening in the oral cavity floor near the frenulum of the tongue. The sublingual gland (B) is primarily mucous, not mixed. Palatine glands (C) are located in the roof of the mouth and are minor salivary glands. The parotid gland (D) is serous but opens into the oral cavity through the parotid duct, not near the frenulum.
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What must the nurse do to care for a T-tube in a patient following a cholecystectomy?
- A. Keep the tube supported and free of kinks.
- B. Attach the tube to low, continuous suction.
- C. Clamp the tube when ambulating the patient.
- D. Irrigate the tube with 10-mL sterile saline every 2 to 4 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should ensure the T-tube is supported and free from kinks to facilitate bile drainage and prevent complications.
Fatty acids and glycerol are released when _____ are broken down by liver or muscle cells.
- A. micelles
- B. chylomicrons
- C. lacteals
- D. lipoproteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that transport dietary lipids (including fatty acids and glycerol) from the small intestine to the liver or muscle cells for metabolism. When chylomicrons reach the liver or muscles, lipoprotein lipase breaks them down, releasing fatty acids and glycerol for energy production or storage.
Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Micelles are small lipid droplets formed in the small intestine to aid in lipid digestion and absorption, but they do not release fatty acids and glycerol when broken down.
C: Lacteals are lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb dietary fats, but they do not release fatty acids and glycerol.
D: Lipoproteins are involved in transporting lipids in the bloodstream but do not release fatty acids and glycerol when broken down.
Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
- A. Parietal cells
- B. Chief cells
- C. Mucous neck cells
- D. Enteroendocrine cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parietal cells. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid in the stomach to create the acidic environment necessary for digestion. They also secrete intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption. Chief cells produce pepsinogen, not hydrochloric acid. Mucous neck cells secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining. Enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones like gastrin, not hydrochloric acid. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it directly produces hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
When a patient returns to the clinical unit after an abdominal-perineal resection (APR), what should the nurse expect?
- A. An abdominal dressing
- B. An abdominal wound and drains
- C. A temporary colostomy and drains
- D. A perineal wound, drains, and a stoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After an APR, the patient will typically have a perineal wound, drains, and a colostomy (stoma).
Where are most digestive enzymes activated?
- A. stomach
- B. small intestine
- C. liver
- D. pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: small intestine. Digestive enzymes are activated in the small intestine to break down nutrients. Firstly, enzymes are secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine, where they act on carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Secondly, bile from the liver helps in the digestion of fats. The stomach mainly secretes gastric juices for protein digestion, not enzymes for overall digestion. The liver produces bile, not digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes various digestive enzymes, but they become activated in the small intestine.