Nokea
Chlorpromazine can block following receptors EXCEPT:
- A. Dopamine
- B. Beta adrenergic
- C. Alpha adrenergic
- D. Muscarinic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chlorpromazine, a typical antipsychotic, blocks dopamine, alpha-adrenergic, and muscarinic receptors but has minimal effect on beta-adrenergic receptors, which are not its primary target.
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The patient is taking a 2-mg dose of ropinerol XR. The drug has a half-life of 12 hours. How long will it be before only 0.25 mg of this drug remains in the patient's system?
- A. 24 hours
- B. 36 hours
- C. 48 hours
- D. 60 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to half of the peak level it previously achieved. At 12 hours there will be 1 mg of the drug available to the body. At 24 hours there will be 0.5 mg, at 36 hours there will be 0.25 mg, at 48 hours there will be 0.125 mg, and at 60 hours there will be 0.0625 mg.
Which of the following names may be assigned to a drug during the process of development? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Chemical name
- B. Official name
- C. Pharmacologic name
- D. Trade name
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Throughout the process of development, drugs may have several names assigned to them including a chemical name, a generic (nonproprietary) name, an official name, and a trade or brand name.
All of the following statements about efficacy and potency are true EXCEPT:
- A. Efficacy is usually a more important clinical consideration than potency
- B. Efficacy is the maximum effect of a drug
- C. Potency is a comparative measure, refers to the different doses of two drugs that are needed to produce the same effect
- D. The ED50 is a measure of drug's efficacy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ED50 measures potency (dose for 50% effect), not efficacy (maximal effect).
Josie is a 5-year-old patient who presents to the clinic with a 48-hour history of nausea, vomiting, and some diarrhea. She is unable to keep fluids down and her weight is 4 pounds less than her last recorded weight. Besides IV fluids, her exam warrants the use of an antinausea medication. Which of the following would be the appropriate drug to order for Josie?
- A. Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
- B. Meclizine (Antivert)
- C. Promethazine (Phenergan)
- D. Ondansetron (Zofran)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ondansetron is preferred in kids for nausea/vomiting, with fewer side effects than prochlorperazine or promethazine ; meclizine is for motion sickness.
When the costs of a specific treatment or intervention are calculated and then compared with the dollar value of the benefit received it is referred to as:
- A. Cost-minimization analysis
- B. Cost-of-illness analysis
- C. Cost-effectiveness analysis
- D. Cost-benefit analysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cost-benefit analysis quantifies both costs and benefits in monetary terms.