Nokea
Cholinergic blockers are used to:
- A. Counteract the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) effects of phenothiazines
- B. Control tremors and relax smooth muscle in Parkinson's disease
- C. Inhibit the muscarinic action of ACh on bladder muscle
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholinergic blockers address EPS, Parkinson's symptoms, and bladder overactivity.
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Smokers are at risk for vitamin C deficiency. It is recommended that smokers take vitamin C supplement.
- A. 100 mg/day
- B. 500 mg/day
- C. 1,000 mg/day
- D. 35 mg/day more than nonsmokers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smokers require an additional 35 mg/day of vitamin C due to increased oxidative stress.
A nurse is caring for a child on the pediatric unit. A drug is ordered for the child, but no pediatric dose is listed for the drug. To make sure that the right dose has been ordered, what will the nurse use to calculate the correct dose?
- A. Surface area
- B. Height
- C. Birth date
- D. Adult dosage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pediatric doses are often calculated using body surface area for accuracy, especially when no specific pediatric dose is provided.
Which cephalosporin generation is effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?
- A. First generation
- B. Second generation
- C. Third generation
- D. Fifth generation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fifth-generation cephalosporins, like ceftaroline, are effective against MRSA, unlike earlier generations.
A patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus begins gaining weight after several months of therapy with an oral antidiabetic agent. A complete workup indicates edema and other signs and symptoms of heart failure. Which of the following antidiabetic drug or group was the most likely cause?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Biguanides
- C. Glitazones (thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone)
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glitazones like rosiglitazone can cause fluid retention and weight gain, increasing the risk of heart failure.
A contraindication for topical corticosteroid usage in a male with atopic dermatitis (eczema) is:
- A. Parasite infection
- B. Viral infection
- C. Bacterial infection
- D. Spirochete infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical corticosteroids worsen viral infections (e.g., herpes) due to immunosuppression.