Nokea
Clinical diagnostic clues in an adolescent female with chronic cough:
- A. Pale stools and diarrhoea
- B. Aspergillus precipitin positive
- C. Calcified bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
- D. Whooping cough in the past
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspergillus precipitin positive: A positive Aspergillus precipitin test indicates Aspergillus exposure, which could lead to chronic pulmonary issues, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
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The Duke criterion for the diagnosis of endocarditis is a major
- A. new regurgitant flow by echocardiography
- B. Osler nodes
- C. single positive blood culture
- D. serologic evidence of infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A single positive blood culture is one of the major criteria for diagnosing endocarditis.
SVT in children differ from physiologic sinus tachycardia by all the following EXCEPT
- A. sudden onset and termination
- B. persistent ventricular rate of >180 bpm
- C. fixed RR interval on ECG
- D. evident change in heart rate with activity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physiologic sinus tachycardia can show changes in heart rate with activity, unlike SVT which has a fixed rate.
An 18-month-old with a myelomeningocele is undergoing a cardiac catheterization. The mother expresses concern about the use of dye in the procedure. The child does not have any allergies. In addition to an iodine allergy, which other allergy should the nurse bring to the attention of the catheterization staff?
- A. Soy
- B. Latex
- C. Penicillin
- D. Dairy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children with spina bifida (myelomeningocele) are often allergic to latex; catheter balloons and other materials may contain latex.
The child becomes unresponsive. The most likely underlying lesion is
- A. cardiomyopathy
- B. anomalous coronary artery
- C. tetralogy of Fallot
- D. constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot can cause hypoxic spells leading to unresponsiveness.
Causes of a discrete osteolytic bone lesion in a two-year-old include:
- A. Rickets
- B. Non-accidental injury
- C. Eosinophilic granuloma
- D. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eosinophilic granuloma is a benign bone lesion that can present with osteolytic lesions, typically seen in children as part of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.