Nokea
Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs that are:
- A. Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
- B. Considered equal in efficacy
- C. Compared with the dollar value of the benefit received
- D. Expressed in terms of patient preference or quality-adjusted life years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates treatments that may differ in efficacy.
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The nursing students are learning about the half-life of drugs. A student asks the instructor to explain half-life. What is the instructor's best response?
- A. Half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to half of the peak level it previously achieved.
- B. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for the drug to be metabolized by the body.
- C. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to reach peak level in the body.
- D. Half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug to reach half its potential peak level in the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to half the peak level it previously achieved. Therefore Options B, C, and D are not correct.
Zainab is taking lamotrigine (Lamictal) and presents to the clinic with fever and lymphadenopathy. Initial evaluation and treatment includes:
- A. Reassuring her she has a viral infection and to call if she isn't better in 4 or 5 days
- B. Ruling out a hypersensitivity reaction that may lead to multi-organ failure
- C. Rapid strep test and symptomatic care if strep test is negative
- D. Observation only, with further assessment if she worsens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever and lymphadenopathy suggest a serious lamotrigine hypersensitivity reaction.
The nurse is checking the medical record of an assigned patient for medication orders. The nurse is unable to read the primary health care provider's handwriting. Which action would be most appropriate?
- A. The nurse should question the order with the primary health care provider.
- B. The nurse should try to interpret the handwriting.
- C. The nurse should confirm the order with a nearby health care provider.
- D. The nurse should obtain a verbal order.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Any order that is unclear, particularly due to illegible handwriting, should be questioned. The nurse should not try to interpret the handwriting as it may lead to a misinterpretation. The nurse should also not confirm the order with any other physician who is nearby. Administering drugs based on verbal orders is permissible only during emergencies.
Valerian tea causes relaxation and can be used to help a patient fall asleep. Overdosage of valerian (more than 2.5 gm/dose) may lead to:
- A. Cardiac disturbances
- B. Central nervous system depression
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Skin rashes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Valerian overdose can cause cardiac disturbances due to its sedative effects.
When assessing a patient prior to starting a drug regimen it is often necessary to have a baseline kidney function study done. What might kidney impairment indicate in relation to drug therapy?
- A. Pharmacodynamics stable at the therapeutic dose
- B. Contraindication to the use of a drug
- C. Increased dosage of a drug
- D. Decreased adverse effects of a drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidney impairment may contraindicate certain drugs due to reduced clearance, risking toxicity.