Nokea
David presents to the clinic with symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. He is prescribed cromolyn sodium (Opticrom) eye drops. The education regarding using cromolyn eye drops includes:
- A. He should not wear his soft contacts while using the cromolyn eye drops
- B. Cromolyn drops are instilled once a day to prevent allergy symptoms
- C. Long-term use may cause glaucoma
- D. He may experience bradycardia as an adverse effect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cromolyn can irritate soft contacts, requiring removal; it's not once daily or linked to glaucoma .
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For patients taking warfarin, INRs are best drawn:
- A. Monthly throughout therapy
- B. Three times a week throughout therapy
- C. Two hours after the last dose of warfarin to get an accurate peak level
- D. In the morning if the patient takes their warfarin at night
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morning INR aligns with evening warfarin dosing for consistent monitoring; monthly is typical later, not peak-driven .
The client with small cell lung cancer is being treated with etoposide (VePesid). The nurse who is assisting in caring for the client during its administration understands that which side effect is specifically associated with this medication?
- A. Alopecia
- B. Chest pain
- C. Pulmonary fibrosis
- D. Orthostatic hypotension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A side effect specific to etoposide is orthostatic hypotension. The client's blood pressure is monitored during the infusion. Hair loss occurs with nearly all the antineoplastic medications. Chest pain and pulmonary fibrosis are unrelated to this medication.
A patient arrives at the health care clinic and informs the nurse that he has consumed several aspirin tablets for a severe headache over the past 24 hours. The nurse would be alert for which of the following as a harmful effect?
- A. Gastrointestinal bleeding
- B. Breathing difficulties
- C. Visual disturbances
- D. Loss of balance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin is potentially harmful and can cause gastrointestinal bleeding and salicylism. Breathing difficulties, visual disturbances, and loss of balance could be due to an illness or the effects of some other drug.
Pharmacogenetic testing is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration prior to prescribing:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Digoxin
- C. Cetuximab
- D. Rifampin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: FDA requires pharmacogenetic testing for cetuximab to check EGFR status, not for erythromycin, digoxin, or rifampin.
Tetracycline needs to be given on an empty stomach because it chelates with:
- A. Calcium
- B. Magnesium
- C. Iron
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tetracycline forms insoluble complexes with divalent and trivalent cations (calcium, magnesium, iron), reducing absorption when taken with food containing these elements.