Nokea
Define the following terms: Controlled clinical trial
- A. A study where all participants receive the same treatment.
- B. A trial comparing an intervention against a control group.
- C. A trial without any specific hypotheses.
- D. A trial conducted without ethical approval.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled clinical trials compare interventions to a control to establish causality.
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when research topic is not novel and relevant:
- A. correct it
- B. change it
- C. read more about it
- D. review articles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a research topic lacks novelty and relevance, changing it is advisable.
Median age of old population is
- A. more than 30 years
- B. more than 40 years
- C. 50 years
- D. 60 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older populations typically include individuals above 30 years.
Binomial distribution is
- A. Discrete distribution
- B. Continuous distribution
- C. Individual distribution
- D. Poisson distribution
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The binomial distribution models discrete outcomes, typically successes and failures.
Which of the following opportunistic fungal infection is seen in AIDS?
- A. candida
- B. Cryptococcus
- C. coccidioides
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All these fungal infections are commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, including those with AIDS.
What is meant by determinants in epidemiology?
- A. Factors influencing disease occurrence.
- B. Only genetic factors.
- C. Only environmental factors.
- D. Only behavioral factors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Determinants encompass all factors—biological, environmental, and social—that contribute to disease occurrence.