Nokea
Delta waves, associated with deep sleep, exhibit what frequency range?
- A. 0.5-4 Hz
- B. 4-8 Hz
- C. 8-13 Hz
- D. 13-30 Hz
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Delta waves are slow brain waves associated with deep sleep stages, specifically stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep. These waves have a frequency range of 0.5-4 Hz. Choice B (4-8 Hz) refers to theta waves, which are associated with light sleep and relaxation. Choice C (8-13 Hz) corresponds to alpha waves, present during wakeful relaxation. Choice D (13-30 Hz) represents beta waves, seen in active thinking and concentration. Therefore, the correct answer is A because it aligns with the frequency range characteristic of delta waves during deep sleep.
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Which type of muscle tissue contracts involuntarily and is found in organs like the heart and intestines?
- A. Skeletal muscle
- B. Cardiac muscle
- C. Smooth muscle
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smooth muscle is the type of muscle tissue that contracts involuntarily and is found in organs like the heart and intestines. Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements, like those involved in skeletal system actions. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and contracts involuntarily, but it is distinct from smooth muscle. The heart's muscle is specialized and forms the myocardium, which is not the same as the smooth muscle found in organs like the intestines. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Smooth muscle.
What is the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands?
- A. Insulin
- B. Calcitonin
- C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands is parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body by increasing calcium levels in the blood through various mechanisms, such as promoting calcium release from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the intestines. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels, calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and helps lower blood calcium levels, and thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands.
Which of the following joints allows for side-to-side bending movements?
- A. Hinge joint
- B. Ball-and-socket joint
- C. Gliding joint
- D. Saddle joint
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Gliding joint. Gliding joints allow for side-to-side bending movements. These joints are found between the small bones of the wrist and ankle, allowing for flexibility and movement in multiple directions. Hinge joints (A) enable movement in one plane, akin to a door hinge. Ball-and-socket joints (B) allow for a wide range of motion across multiple directions. Saddle joints (D) facilitate movement in two planes.
Which element has the same number of protons and neutrons?
- A. Carbon (C)
- B. Oxygen (O)
- C. Lithium (Li)
- D. Helium (He)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Helium (He). Helium has an atomic number of 2, meaning it has 2 protons. It also has 2 neutrons, which gives it a total mass number of 4. Therefore, Helium is an example of an element with an equal number of protons and neutrons.
Choice A (Carbon) has 6 protons and usually has more neutrons than protons. Choice B (Oxygen) has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, so the numbers are not equal. Choice C (Lithium) has 3 protons and usually has more neutrons than protons, so it does not fit the criteria of having the same number of protons and neutrons.
How does the human eye focus light?
- A. Cornea
- B. Iris
- C. Lens
- D. Retina
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The human eye focuses light by adjusting the shape of its lens. The lens changes shape to allow the eye to focus on objects at different distances, a process known as accommodation. The cornea is the transparent outer covering of the eye that helps to focus light but does not change shape like the lens. The iris controls the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that receives and processes images but does not adjust the focus of light.