Nokea
Describe the difference between cardiac output and stroke volume.
- A. Cardiac output: total blood pumped by heart per minute; Stroke volume: blood pumped per beat
- B. Cardiac output: blood pumped per beat; Stroke volume: total blood pumped per minute
- C. Cardiac output: heart rate; Stroke volume: blood pressure
- D. Cardiac output: blood pressure; Stroke volume: heart rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiac output is the total volume of blood the heart pumps per minute (heart rate ? stroke volume), while stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped per heartbeat.
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To assess the blood pressure on the upper arm, you should place the stethoscope over which artery? Located at which site?
- A. Brachial artery; antecubital fossa
- B. Radial artery; wrist
- C. Femoral artery; groin
- D. Popliteal artery; knee
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brachial artery, located in the antecubital fossa, is used for blood pressure measurement as it provides accurate readings of systemic pressure.
If peripheral pulses can be palpated with each cardiac contraction, the pulses are said to be 'perfusing.'
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True. Palpable peripheral pulses with each cardiac contraction indicate adequate perfusion to the extremities.
List at least eight factors that can affect blood pressure.
- A. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, temperature
- B. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, medications
- C. Age, stress, caffeine, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, medications
- D. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, sleep, diet, genetics, medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Factors affecting blood pressure include age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet (e.g., salt intake), genetics, and medications, which influence vascular resistance and cardiac output.
What is thermogenesis?
- A. Heat production in the body
- B. Heat loss through sweating
- C. Regulation of body temperature
- D. Cooling of the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in the body, often through metabolic processes like shivering or brown fat activation, to maintain body temperature.
What characteristic(s) of the pulse should you always assess?
- A. Length of each beat
- B. Strength
- C. Rate
- D. Depth
- E. Rhythm of the beats
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: When assessing a pulse, you should evaluate its rate (beats per minute), strength (amplitude), and rhythm (regularity) to determine cardiovascular status.