Nokea
When auscultated, the heart sounds should sound muffled and distant.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: False. Normal heart sounds (S1 and S2) should be clear and distinct, not muffled or distant, which may indicate pathology.
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Describe what is meant by elevated hypertension and include the pressure range to which it refers.
- A. Stage 1 hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mm Hg
- B. Stage 2 hypertension: ?140/?90 mm Hg
- C. Normal: <120/<80 mm Hg
- D. Prehypertension: 120-129/<80 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated hypertension, or Stage 2 hypertension, is defined as a blood pressure of ?140 mm Hg systolic or ?90 mm Hg diastolic, indicating increased cardiovascular risk.
What is thermogenesis?
- A. Heat production in the body
- B. Heat loss through sweating
- C. Regulation of body temperature
- D. Cooling of the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in the body, often through metabolic processes like shivering or brown fat activation, to maintain body temperature.
What four assessments should you make when assessing respirations?
- A. Rate, depth, rhythm, effort
- B. Rate, depth, rhythm, sound
- C. Rate, depth, effort, color
- D. Rate, rhythm, effort, temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing respirations, evaluate rate (breaths per minute), depth (shallow or deep), rhythm (regular or irregular), and effort (ease or difficulty of breathing).
There are a total of six vital signs: five objective and one subjective. Four of the five objective vital signs include the blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respirations. What is the fifth objective vital sign? What is the one subjective vital sign?
- A. Fifth objective: oxygen saturation; Subjective: pain
- B. Fifth objective: pain; Subjective: oxygen saturation
- C. Fifth objective: blood pressure; Subjective: temperature
- D. Fifth objective: pulse; Subjective: respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is the fifth objective vital sign, measured via pulse oximetry. Pain is the subjective vital sign, assessed through patient self-report.
To assess the blood pressure on the upper arm, you should place the stethoscope over which artery? Located at which site?
- A. Brachial artery; antecubital fossa
- B. Radial artery; wrist
- C. Femoral artery; groin
- D. Popliteal artery; knee
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brachial artery, located in the antecubital fossa, is used for blood pressure measurement as it provides accurate readings of systemic pressure.