Nokea
Which of the following assessments provide data regarding the quality of circulation to a patient's extremities?
- A. Oral temperature
- B. Strength of pedal dorsalis pulse
- C. Skin temperature of hands and feet
- D. Pulse rate
- E. Blood pressure
- F. Color of nailbeds
- G. Capillary refill time
Correct Answer: B,C,F,G
Rationale: Strength of pedal dorsalis pulse, skin temperature, nailbed color, and capillary refill time directly assess peripheral circulation by evaluating blood flow and tissue perfusion.
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When auscultated, the heart sounds should sound muffled and distant.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: False. Normal heart sounds (S1 and S2) should be clear and distinct, not muffled or distant, which may indicate pathology.
What is thermogenesis?
- A. Heat production in the body
- B. Heat loss through sweating
- C. Regulation of body temperature
- D. Cooling of the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in the body, often through metabolic processes like shivering or brown fat activation, to maintain body temperature.
Which part of the central nervous system can affect the rate of heart contractions?
- A. Left temporal lobe
- B. Pons
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Thalamus
- E. Medulla oblongata
- F. Occiput
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions, including heart rate, via the autonomic nervous system. The medulla oblongata contains the cardiac control center, directly influencing heart rate.
Which heart valve(s) close(s) to produce the S? sound?
- A. Bicuspid valve
- B. Pulmonary valve
- C. Aortic valve
- D. Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The S1 sound, or 'lub,' is produced when the atrioventricular valves (bicuspid/mitral and tricuspid) close at the start of systole.
If peripheral pulses can be palpated with each cardiac contraction, the pulses are said to be 'perfusing.'
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True. Palpable peripheral pulses with each cardiac contraction indicate adequate perfusion to the extremities.