Nokea
Describe what is meant by elevated hypertension and include the pressure range to which it refers.
- A. Stage 1 hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mm Hg
- B. Stage 2 hypertension: ?140/?90 mm Hg
- C. Normal: <120/<80 mm Hg
- D. Prehypertension: 120-129/<80 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated hypertension, or Stage 2 hypertension, is defined as a blood pressure of ?140 mm Hg systolic or ?90 mm Hg diastolic, indicating increased cardiovascular risk.
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To assess the blood pressure on the upper arm, you should place the stethoscope over which artery? Located at which site?
- A. Brachial artery; antecubital fossa
- B. Radial artery; wrist
- C. Femoral artery; groin
- D. Popliteal artery; knee
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brachial artery, located in the antecubital fossa, is used for blood pressure measurement as it provides accurate readings of systemic pressure.
What characteristic(s) of the pulse should you always assess?
- A. Length of each beat
- B. Strength
- C. Rate
- D. Depth
- E. Rhythm of the beats
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: When assessing a pulse, you should evaluate its rate (beats per minute), strength (amplitude), and rhythm (regularity) to determine cardiovascular status.
Describe the first intervention you should perform when a patient faints because of low blood pressure.
- A. Lay the patient flat and elevate legs
- B. Administer oxygen
- C. Give fluids immediately
- D. Take blood pressure again
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Laying the patient flat and elevating their legs increases venous return to the heart, improving blood pressure and cerebral perfusion in cases of fainting due to hypotension.
If peripheral pulses can be palpated with each cardiac contraction, the pulses are said to be 'perfusing.'
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: True. Palpable peripheral pulses with each cardiac contraction indicate adequate perfusion to the extremities.
List at least eight factors that can affect blood pressure.
- A. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, temperature
- B. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, medications
- C. Age, stress, caffeine, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, medications
- D. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, sleep, diet, genetics, medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Factors affecting blood pressure include age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet (e.g., salt intake), genetics, and medications, which influence vascular resistance and cardiac output.