Nokea
List at least eight factors that can affect blood pressure.
- A. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, temperature
- B. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, medications
- C. Age, stress, caffeine, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, medications
- D. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, sleep, diet, genetics, medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Factors affecting blood pressure include age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet (e.g., salt intake), genetics, and medications, which influence vascular resistance and cardiac output.
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There are a total of six vital signs: five objective and one subjective. Four of the five objective vital signs include the blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respirations. What is the fifth objective vital sign? What is the one subjective vital sign?
- A. Fifth objective: oxygen saturation; Subjective: pain
- B. Fifth objective: pain; Subjective: oxygen saturation
- C. Fifth objective: blood pressure; Subjective: temperature
- D. Fifth objective: pulse; Subjective: respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is the fifth objective vital sign, measured via pulse oximetry. Pain is the subjective vital sign, assessed through patient self-report.
Describe what is meant by elevated hypertension and include the pressure range to which it refers.
- A. Stage 1 hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mm Hg
- B. Stage 2 hypertension: ?140/?90 mm Hg
- C. Normal: <120/<80 mm Hg
- D. Prehypertension: 120-129/<80 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated hypertension, or Stage 2 hypertension, is defined as a blood pressure of ?140 mm Hg systolic or ?90 mm Hg diastolic, indicating increased cardiovascular risk.
Which part of the central nervous system can affect the rate of heart contractions?
- A. Left temporal lobe
- B. Pons
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Thalamus
- E. Medulla oblongata
- F. Occiput
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions, including heart rate, via the autonomic nervous system. The medulla oblongata contains the cardiac control center, directly influencing heart rate.
Antipyretics are medications given for hypertension.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: False. Antipyretics are medications used to reduce fever, not hypertension.
What is thermogenesis?
- A. Heat production in the body
- B. Heat loss through sweating
- C. Regulation of body temperature
- D. Cooling of the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in the body, often through metabolic processes like shivering or brown fat activation, to maintain body temperature.