Nokea
Which heart valve(s) close(s) to produce the S? sound?
- A. Bicuspid valve
- B. Pulmonary valve
- C. Aortic valve
- D. Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The S1 sound, or 'lub,' is produced when the atrioventricular valves (bicuspid/mitral and tricuspid) close at the start of systole.
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Antipyretics are medications given for hypertension.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: False. Antipyretics are medications used to reduce fever, not hypertension.
What four assessments should you make when assessing respirations?
- A. Rate, depth, rhythm, effort
- B. Rate, depth, rhythm, sound
- C. Rate, depth, effort, color
- D. Rate, rhythm, effort, temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing respirations, evaluate rate (breaths per minute), depth (shallow or deep), rhythm (regular or irregular), and effort (ease or difficulty of breathing).
Based on the circadian rhythm, the body's temperature normally drops 1°F to 2°F in the late afternoon.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: False. Body temperature typically peaks in the late afternoon and drops at night, not specifically in the late afternoon.
There are a total of six vital signs: five objective and one subjective. Four of the five objective vital signs include the blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respirations. What is the fifth objective vital sign? What is the one subjective vital sign?
- A. Fifth objective: oxygen saturation; Subjective: pain
- B. Fifth objective: pain; Subjective: oxygen saturation
- C. Fifth objective: blood pressure; Subjective: temperature
- D. Fifth objective: pulse; Subjective: respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is the fifth objective vital sign, measured via pulse oximetry. Pain is the subjective vital sign, assessed through patient self-report.
List at least eight factors that can affect blood pressure.
- A. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, temperature
- B. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, medications
- C. Age, stress, caffeine, obesity, physical activity, diet, genetics, medications
- D. Age, stress, smoking, obesity, sleep, diet, genetics, medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Factors affecting blood pressure include age, stress, smoking, obesity, physical activity, diet (e.g., salt intake), genetics, and medications, which influence vascular resistance and cardiac output.