Nokea
Discuss the possible long-term and short-term effects that farm workers may experience when they are exposed to organophosphate pesticides.
- A. Short-term: nausea, headaches; Long-term: neurological damage.
- B. Short-term: increased energy; Long-term: improved cognition.
- C. Short-term: weight gain; Long-term: enhanced immune function.
- D. Short-term: improved vision; Long-term: heightened sensory perception.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Organophosphates cause acute cholinergic symptoms and chronic neurological damage due to enzyme inhibition.
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Comparing numbers and rates of illness in a community, rates are preferred for:
- A. Conducting surveillance for communicable diseases
- B. Deciding how many doses of immune globulin are needed
- C. Estimating subgroups at highest risk
- D. Telling physicians which strain of influenza is most prevalent
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rates allow comparisons across populations and help identify high-risk groups.
Identify the type of study design described: Questionnaires were mailed to every 10th person listed in the city telephone directory. Each person was asked to provide his or her age, sex, and smoking habits and to describe the presence of any respiratory symptoms during the preceding 7 days.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Cross-sectional study
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This survey-based approach is characteristic of a cross-sectional study.
Level of resistance of a community or group of people to a particular disease is
- A. Passive immunity
- B. Active immunity
- C. Herd immunity
- D. None of them
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Herd immunity refers to the resistance of a group to the spread of a contagious disease due to a significant proportion being immune.
Which of the following are considered measures of spread?
- A. Interquartile range
- B. Percentile
- C. Range
- D. Standard deviation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The interquartile range is a robust measure of variability.
Which of the following meats contains more cholesterol and triglycerides
- A. pork meat
- B. beef meat
- C. fish
- D. all
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pork meat generally contains higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides compared to other meats.