Endocrine System Test Questions

Endocrine System Test Questions Related

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Drug X causes an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate when administered to a patient intravenously. If an antagonist at ganglionic nicotinic receptors is administered first, drug X causes an increase in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. Drug X most likely is

  • A. Propranolol
  • B. Norepinephrine
  • C. Isoproterenol
  • D. Terbutaline
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Norepinephrine. When an antagonist at ganglionic nicotinic receptors is administered, it blocks the inhibitory effect on sympathetic tone. Since norepinephrine is a sympathetic neurotransmitter that increases blood pressure and heart rate, it is likely that Drug X is norepinephrine. Propranolol (A) is a beta-blocker that decreases heart rate, Isoproterenol (C) is a beta-agonist that increases heart rate, and Terbutaline (D) is a beta-agonist that also increases heart rate. These choices do not align with the observed effects of Drug X when the ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonist is administered.

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Identify the endocrine gland within the abdominal cavity, near the small intestine.

  • A. Adrenal gland
  • B. Hypothalamus
  • C. Pancreas
  • D. Thyroid gland
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is an endocrine gland located in the abdominal cavity near the small intestine. It secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels. The adrenal gland (A) is located on top of the kidneys, the hypothalamus (B) is in the brain, and the thyroid gland (D) is located in the neck. These glands are not near the small intestine, making them incorrect choices.

Hormones that bind to receptors inside of target cells are usually

  • A. lipid soluble.
  • B. water soluble.
  • C. second messengers.
  • D. proteins.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: lipid soluble. Lipid-soluble hormones can easily pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. This binding activates gene expression and affects protein synthesis within the cell. Water-soluble hormones, like choice B, bind to cell surface receptors and activate signaling pathways through second messengers (choice C). Proteins (choice D) are not hormones but rather macromolecules that can act as signaling molecules or receptors. Lipid solubility is crucial for hormones to exert their effects inside target cells, making choice A the correct answer.

Which of the following best describes the function of insulin?

  • A. Lowers blood glucose levels.
  • B. Stimulates cells to make glucose (gluconeogenesis).
  • C. Deficiency causes diabetes insipidus.
  • D. Decreases blood volume.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lowers blood glucose levels. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy storage. This process reduces the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because insulin does not stimulate cells to make glucose (B), deficiency does not cause diabetes insipidus (C), and it does not directly affect blood volume (D).

Excess secretion of epinephrine:

  • A. relieves anxiety.
  • B. stimulates the synthesis of glycogen.
  • C. elevates blood glucose levels.
  • D. slows heart rate and lowers blood pressure.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Excess secretion of epinephrine activates the fight-or-flight response, leading to the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream, elevating blood glucose levels. This helps provide immediate energy for the body to respond to stress. Epinephrine does not relieve anxiety (Choice A), as it is a stress hormone. It does not stimulate glycogen synthesis (Choice B) but rather breaks down glycogen to release glucose. Epinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure (opposite of Choice D) to support increased energy needs during stress. Thus, the correct answer is C.

A patient is admitted to the medical unit with possible Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism). Which assessment finding supports this diagnosis?

  • A. Periorbital edema
  • B. Bradycardia
  • C. Exophthalmos
  • D. Hoarse voice
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Exophthalmos, or bulging eyes, is a common and distinguishing feature of Graves' disease, a form of hyperthyroidism.

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